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Characterization of serum exosomes from persons with or without osteoporosis and fracture. (A) A schematic diagram illustrating the experimental design from sample collection till sequencing. (B) Exosome validation by western blot indicating the CD9 and CD81 marker for exosomes. (C) TEM image of the exosomes. Electron microscopy allowed visualizing membrane-bound nano vesicles sized ~100 nm. Scale bar = 100 nm. (D) Analysis of exosomes with NanoSight LM10-HS instrument.
