Table 1.
Population characteristics of participants from early and late KOA studies.
| Earlier stage KOA study (n = 139) | Later stage KOA study with MRI data (n = 20) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years¶ | 55.5 ± 7.8 | 56.1 ± 6.5 |
| Female (%) | 82.5 | 65.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2¶ | 26.0 ± 5.9 | 28.1 ± 4.8 |
| Ethnicity, n, (%) | ||
| Chinese | 116 (81.1) | 15 (75.0) |
| Malay | 15 (10.5) | 2 (10.0) |
| Indian | 10 (7.0) | 3 (15.0) |
| Others | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
| Comorbidities, n, (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 43 (30.3) | 7 (35.0) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 55 (38.7) | 7 (35.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (8.5) | 1 (5.0) |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (2.8) | 0 (0) |
| Duration of KOA, years¶ | 2.5 (4.9) | 7.4 (7.1) |
| Fulfilled ACR Clinical and Radiographical Criteria for KOA (%) | 43 | 100 |
| KL grade of index knee, n, (%) | ||
| 0 | 40 (28.8) | 1 (5.0) |
| 1 | 44 (31.7) | 5 (25.0) |
| 2 | 35 (25.2) | 6 (30.0) |
| 3 | 18 (12.9) | 5 (25.0) |
| 4 | 2 (1.4) | 3 (15.0) |
| WOMAC pain (0–100) ¶ | 31.1 ± 18.4 | 42.1 ± 21.1 |
| WOMAC function (0–100) ¶ | 32.0 ± 19.9 | 44.9 ± 20.9 |
| Biomarkers¥ | ||
| (s) LBP (ng/ml) | 9079.0 (6745.0, 11794.0) | 9466.5 (8072.3, 10514.3) |
| (sf) LBP (ng/ml)£ | 1796.9 (1448.5, 2416.4) | 2012.9 (1579.6, 2315.6) |
| (s) TLR4 (pg/ml) | 1049.0 (661.0, 1294.0) | 699.5 (628.5, 1047.0) |
| (sf) TLR4 (pg/ml)£ | 875.2 (12.5, 1150.5) | 3845.4 (3088.5, 4092.9) |
| (s) CD14 (ng/ml) | 1254.8 (1145.0, 1374.7) | 1327.5 (1223.8, 1555.5) |
| (sf) CD14 (ng/ml)£ | 255.3 (167.8, 400.8) | 849.7 (681.5, 972.6) |
| (s) IL6 (pg/ml) | 0.48 (0.48, 2.09) | 3.35 (1.95, 5.65) |
| (sf) IL6 (pg/ml)£ | 87.45 (24.93, 248.06) | 25.62 (12.43, 63.76) |
| (s) IL8 (pg/ml) | 0.87 (0.32, 2.21) | 4.95 (3.30, 9.15) |
| (sf) IL8 (pg/ml)£ | 5.09 (3.67, 9.22) | 29.35 (24.02, 39.73) |
| (s) TNFα (pg/ml) | 3.07 (1.10, 4.78) | 4.75 (2.72, 5.66) |
| (sf) TNFα (pg/ml)£ | 1.62 (1.30, 1.90) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.23) |
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) was classified according to the American College of Rheumatology Clinical and Radiographic Criteria for KOA.
¶
Mean ± SD.
¥
Median (interquartile range).
£
Limit to participants with direct aspiration of synovial fluid.
BMI, body mass index; KL grade, Kellgren and Lawrence grading; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; (s), serum; (sf), synovial fluid; IL, interleukin; CD, cluster of differentiation; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4.