Table 2.
Association of inflammatory biomarkers with MRI and other features in the earlier stage of KOA, adjusted with age, gender, and BMI.
| Dependent variables | β (95% confidence intervals) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (s) LBP |
(sf) LBP |
(s) TLR4 |
(sf) TLR4 |
(s) CD14 |
(sf) CD14 |
(s) IL6§ |
(sf) IL6 |
(s) IL8§ |
(sf) IL8 |
(s) TNFα |
(sf) TNFα |
|
| OST size | −0.43 (−2.33, 1.47) |
0.15 (−1.59, 1.90) |
0.13 (−0.43, 0.69) |
−0.15 (−0.80, 0.50) |
−0.63 (−4.93, 3.67) |
−0.75 (−1.77, 0.28) |
0.87 (0.21, 1.54)**† |
−0.10 (−0.75, 0.55) |
0.49 (−0.15, 1.13) |
0.58 (−1.19, 2.35) |
0.91 (0.25, 7.21)**† |
−2.30 (−4.61, 0.01) |
| % Cart loss | 0.47 (−1.42, 2.37) |
1.07 (−0.86, 3.00) |
0.11 (−0.41, 0.64) |
−0.30 (−0.97, 0.38) |
1.64 (−2.63, 5.90) |
−1.34 (−2.66, −0.01)* |
0.64 (−0.01, 1.29) |
−0.26 (−0.87, 0.36) |
0.31 (−0.31, 0.93) |
0.23 (−1.51, 1.97) |
0.83 (0.18, 1.49)*† |
−2.78 (−5.23, −0.33)* |
| % Cart full thickness | −0.02 (−1.94, 1.91) |
−0.19 (−2.16, 1.79) |
0.52 (−0.04, 1.07) |
0.40 (−0.28, 1.09) |
0.97 (−3.30, 5.23) |
−0.42 (−1.22, 0.37) |
0.59 (−0.07, 1.25) |
0.24 (−0.37, 0.85) |
0.58 (−0.06, 1.23) |
0.85 (−0.99, 2.69) |
0.91 (0.24, 1.58)**† | −1.86 (−4.36, 0.64) |
| BML size | 0.61 (−1.35, 2.56) |
−0.13 (−1.81, 1.56) |
0.38 (−0.15, 0.90) |
0.05 (−0.61, 0.70) |
0.73 (−3.51, 4.97) |
−0.05 (−0.80, 0.69) |
0.72 (0.06, 1.37)* |
−0.08 (−0.74, 0.58) |
0.55 (−0.09, 1.19) |
1.01 (−0.88, 2.89) |
0.73 (0.07, 1.38)* |
0.36 (−1.82, 2.53) |
| % BML size | 0.48 (−1.47, 2.44) |
−0.14 (−1.83, 1.56) |
0.33 (−0.20, 0.86) |
0.11 (−0.54, 0.76) |
1.08 (−3.17, 5.33) |
−0.06 (−0.80, 0.69) |
0.640 (−0.01, 1.29) |
−0.07 (−0.73, 0.60) |
0.59 (−0.05, 1.23) |
1.06 (−0.84, 2.96) |
0.71 (0.06, 1.37)* |
0.44 (−1.73, 2.62) |
| Synovitis | 1.38 (−0.75, 3.51) |
1.03 (−0.79, 2.86) |
0.49 (−0.18, 1.16) |
0.06 (−0.59, 0.70) |
2.93 (−1.90, 7.76) |
0.71 (−0.18, 1.59) |
0.85 (0.17, 1.54)*† |
0.66 (−0.10, 1.41) |
0.69 (−0.00, 1.38) |
1.21 (−0.80, 3.22) |
1.21 (0.44, 1.99)**† |
0.07 (−2.56, 2.69) |
| Effusion | 1.02 (−1.05, 3.08) |
2.37 (−0.31, 5.05) |
−0.19 (−0.74, 0.35) |
0.20 (−0.51, 0.91) |
2.45 (−2.22, 7.12) |
1.18 (0.123, 2.24)*† |
0.50 (−0.18, 1.17) |
1.20 (0.42, 1.98) **† |
0.68 (0.01, 1.35)* |
1.16 (−0.85, 3.18) |
0.93 (0.22, 1.64)**† |
1.63 (−1.45, 4.72) |
| Meniscus extrusion |
3.10 (0.47, 5.74)*† |
−0.10 (−2.18, 1.98) |
−0.48 (−1.20, 0.25) |
0.32 (−0.46, 1.09) |
3.02 (−2.57, 8.61) |
0.02 (−0.80, 0.83) |
0.87 (0.07, 1.67)*† |
0.74 (−0.06, 1.54) |
0.01 (−0.83, 0.85) |
2.54 (−0.20, 5.28) |
0.49 (−0.43, 1.42) |
−0.61 (−3.25, 2.04) |
| KL grade | 0.24 (−1.72, 2.19) |
−0.30 (−2.25, 1.65) |
0.47 (−0.13, 1.06) |
0.50 (−0.18, 1.18) |
2.32 (−2.11, 6.75) |
0.10 (−0.67, 0.87) |
0.53 (−0.14, 1.20) |
0.10 (−0.59, 0.79) |
0.19 (−0.45, 0.83) |
−0.11 (−2.07, 1.85) |
0.55 (−0.10, 1.20) | −2.03 (−4.67, 0.61) |
| WOMAC pain | 3.51 (−16.32, 23.33) |
−7.93 (−28.18, 12.32) |
1.40 (−3.87, 6.66) |
5.03 (−1.50, 11.55) |
19.85 (−24.37, 64.06) |
−0.70 (−9.89, 8.48) |
−2.18 (−8.64, 4.27) |
−3.57 (−9.67, 0.25) |
2.06 (−4.21, 8.34) |
−5.27 (−21.19, 10.67) |
4.30 (−1.98, 10.58) |
−13.71 (−35.84, 8.43) |
| WOMAC function | −11.85 (−32.72, 9.02) |
−7.82 (−27.20, 11.57) |
−0.50 (−6.06, 5.05) |
5.23 (−0.90, 11.36) |
13.24 (−33.38, 59.86) |
−1.66 (−10.32, 7.00) |
–7.00 (–13.72, –0.25)*† |
−3.17 (−8.94, 2.61) |
0.89 (−5.74, 7.52) | −3.77 (−18.86, 11.31) |
−2.28 (−8.92, 4.36) |
−6.16 (−27.31, 14.99) |
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
Bonferroni–adjusted p < 0.025 for cartilage loss and BMLs, p < 0.05 for all other domains (Bold).
(s) IL6, IL8 and (sf) TLR4 were analyzed as categorical variable as more than 75% less than Lower limit of detection (0 = Below lower Limit of Detection and 1 = Above lower Limit of Detection).
MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; %, percentage; BML, Bone Marrow Lesion; Cart, Cartilage; OST, Osteophyte; KL grade, KL, Kellgren and Lawrence grading; (sf), synovial fluid; (s), serum; IL, interleukin; CD, cluster of differentiation; TNFα, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; LBP, Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein; TLR, Toll–like receptor; vs., versus.