Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of subjects recruited.
| Variables | Total (n = 572) | Type of disability | Statistics | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vision (n = 106) | Hearing (n = 48) | Physical (n = 406) | Others (n = 12) | ||||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||
| M | 301 (52.6) | 54 (50.9) | 24 (50.0) | 215 (53.0) | 8 (66.7) | 1.220 | 0.748 |
| F | 271 (47.4) | 52 (49.1) | 24 (50.0) | 191 (47.0) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| Age (y) | 66.2 ± 4.2 | 66.5 ± 0.4 | 68.2 ± 5.5 | 65.8 ± 3.9 | 67.4 ± 3.8 | 5.373 | 0.001a |
| Degree of disability, n (%) | |||||||
| 1 and 2 | 49 (8.6) | 22 (20.8) | 9 (18.8) | 14 (3.4) | 4 (33.3) | <0.001b | |
| 3 | 132 (23.1) | 11 (10.4) | 14 (29.2) | 102 (25.1) | 5 (41.7) | ||
| 4 | 391 (68.4) | 73 (68.9) | 25 (52.1) | 290 (71.4) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Education level n (%) | |||||||
| Primary school or lower | 33 (5.8) | 8 (7.5) | 4 (8.3) | 21 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8.879 | 0.449 |
| Junior high school | 306 (53.5) | 52 (49.1) | 21 (43.8) | 226 (55.7) | 7 (58.3) | ||
| Senior school/technical secondary school/technical school | 169 (29.5) | 33 (31.1) | 19 (39.6) | 115 (28.3) | 2 (16.7) | ||
| College or higher | 64 (11.2) | 13 (12.3) | 4 (8.3) | 44 (10.8) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Empty nest elderly n (%) | |||||||
| Yes | 355 (62.1) | 63 (59.4) | 31 (64.6) | 252 (62.1) | 9 (75.0) | 1.294 | 0.731 |
| No | 217 (37.9) | 43 (40.6) | 17 (35.4) | 154 (37.9) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Income (Yuan/month) c M(Q25, Q75) | 3500 (2333,4000) | 3500 (3000,4000) | 3500 (2833,4000) | 3333 (2305,4000) | 3625 (2750,3887) | 3.219 | 0.359 |
| Number of chronic diseases n (%) | |||||||
| No | 116 (20.3) | 23 (21.7) | 11 (22.9) | 80 (19.7) | 2 (16.7) | 13.263 | 0.152 |
| 1 | 191 (33.4) | 34 (32.1) | 21 (43.8) | 133 (32.8) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| 2 | 144 (25.2) | 32 (30.2) | 10 (20.8) | 101 (24.9) | 1 (8.3) | ||
| 3 or more | 121 (21.2) | 17 (16.0) | 6 (12.5) | 92 (22.7) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 24.8 ± 3.4 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 26.9 ± 4.6 | 1.529 | 0.206 |
| Smoking status n (%) | |||||||
| Smoker | 388 (68.1) | 78 (74.3) | 41 (85.4) | 261 (64.4) | 8 (66.7) | 11.998 | 0.007 |
| Non-smoker | 182 (31.9) | 27 (25.7) | 7 (14.6) | 144 (35.6) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| Drinking n (%) | |||||||
| No | 431 (75.5) | 83 (79.0) | 42 (87.5) | 300 (73.9) | 6 (50.0) | 9.233 | 0.026 |
| Yes | 140 (24.5) | 22 (21.0) | 6 (12.5) | 106 (26.1) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| Depression n (%) | |||||||
| Yes | 459 (80.4) | 89 (84.8) | 43 (89.6) | 317 (78.1) | 10 (83.3) | 5.287 | 0.125 |
| No | 112 (19.6) | 16 (15.2) | 5 (10.4) | 89 (21.9) | 2 (16.7) | ||
| Fall in past year n (%) | |||||||
| No | 458 (80.1) | 88 (83.0) | 40 (83.3) | 321 (79.1) | 9 (75.0) | 1.372 | 0.712 |
| Yes | 114 (19.9) | 18 (17.0) | 8 (16.7) | 85 (20.9) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| MNA-SF score n (%) | |||||||
| Normal | 485 (84.8) | 95 (89.6) | 41 (85.4) | 341 (84.0) | 8 (66.7) | 5.192 | 0.159 |
| Risk for malnutrition | 82 (14.3) | 11 (10.4) | 7 (14.6) | 60 (14.8) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| Malnutrition | 5 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| PASE score, M(Q25, Q75) | 78.57 (50.71,105.71) | 78.57 (58.21,105.71) | 79.29 (51.07,107.14) | 78.57 (50.54,105.14) | 84.66 (56.43,110.54) | 2.501 | 0.475 |
| SARC-F score, n(%) | |||||||
| Normal | 486 (85.0) | 100 (94.3) | 44 (91.7) | 332 (81.8) | 10 (83.3) | 14.261 | 0.003 |
| Risk for sarcopenia | 86 (15.0) | 6 (5.7) | 4 (8.3) | 74 (18.2) | 2 (16.7) | ||
a
mean difference of hearing disability vs. physical disability (Bonferroni test) was 2.4 years (95% CI: 0.7-4.1), P < 0.001;
b
Fisher exact test;
c
Data available in 364 subjects and data unavailable in 208 subjects.