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. 2020 Nov 25;10:20525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77557-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Map (A) shows the southern coastline of Singapore Island and the outlying Southern Islands in the Singapore Strait; Map (B) indicates the location of seawall sites examined i.e., (i) St. John’s Island (SJI)-Lazarus Causeway (N 1° 13′ 17.8′′ E 103° 51′ 05.7′′), (ii) Lazarus Island (N 1° 13′ 40.1′′ E 103° 51′ 05.7′′) and (iii) Seringat Island (N 1° 13′ 48.3′′ E 103° 50′ 55.8′′), the length of seawall surveyed (black straight line) and the in-situ experimental site (circled in black). Both maps were generated from Google Maps in which Map (A) was traced by hand, whilst Map (B) was extracted directly from Google Maps and modified using Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 and Paint software.