Figure 3.
Effect of 1.0 mg L−1 AgNPs or 40.7 μg L−1 AgNO3 exposure on physiology of P. malhamensis. (A) ROS generation, determined by CellRoxGreen stain and FCM; (B) lipid peroxidation, assessed by MDA test; (C) maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm); and (D) non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Fold change is calculated as a ratio of the respective effects observed in Ag—treated cells and untreated control. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between treatments obtained by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Sidak’s multiple comparisons test: *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.