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. 2020 Nov 25;10:20563. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77521-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Principal component analysis (PCA) and (B) partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) score plots of metabolic profiles in P. malhamensis treated with AgNPs and dissolved Ag, and untreated controls. (C) Clustering metabolites and samples shown in a heat map (Euclidean distance and Ward clustering algorithm). Data were normalized by using probabilistic quotient normalization by untreated control group at time 0 (C0), log transformed and autoscaled. Exposure to 40.7 μg L⁻¹AgNO₃ for 2 h (Ag2) and 24 h (Ag24); exposure to 1 mgL⁻¹AgNPs for 2 h (AgNPs2) and for 24 (AgNPs24); C2: unexposed controls at time 2 h; C24: unexposed controls at time 24 h. The score plots and heatmap are generated by MetaboAnalyst 4.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/)⁷².