Table 1.

LncRNAs associated with liver cancer.

LncRNA	Role	Mechanism	Ref
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
MALAT1	Oncogene	Activation of oncogenic splicing factor SRSF1	118
NEAT1	Oncogene	Acts through the sponge activity to inhibit miR-129-5p.	121
HEIH	Oncogene	Interacts with PRC2 component EZH2	122
HULC	Oncogene	Inhibition of PTEN tumour suppressor gene through the sponge-activity on miR-15a	131
HOTTIP	Oncogene	Regulates gene expression from the HOXA region	134
HOTAIR	Oncogene	Repressively alters the chromatin landscape of promoters through recruitment of PRC2	137
DANCR/ANCR	Oncogene	Increased stability of HNRNPA1	143
H19	Mixed	Conflicting studies suggest both oncogenic and tumour suppressor roles in HCC	[138], [139], [140]
MEG3	Tumour suppressor	Increases expression of miR-122 through which pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 (PKM2) is down-regulated	153
FENDRR	Tumour suppressor	Acts as a miR-423-5p sponge to regulate GADD45B expression	155
DILC	Tumour suppressor	Interacts with the IL6 promoter to suppress its expression. Inhibits IL6/STAT3 autocrine signalling pathway in LCSCs	157
GAS5	Tumour suppressor	Functions as a sponge to bind miRNAs. Binds to miR-126-3p, whose ectopic expression has been shown to decrease cell proliferation in HCC. Binds to miR-21 to derepress the PTEN protein levels	161
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)
DANCR/ANCR	Oncogene	Associated with increased cellular proliferation and migration through interaction with EZH2	145

In HCC, lncRNAs have been described to function as both oncogenes and tumour suppressors. In CCA, DANCR/ANCR has been shown to function as an oncogene.