Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study by Transthyretin Percentile.
| Characteristic | Median (IQR) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copenhagen General Population Study (n = 9582) | Copenhagen City Heart Study (n = 7385) | |||||||
| ≤5th Percentile (n = 468) | >5th-95th Percentile (n = 8643) | >95th Percentile (n = 471) | P valuea | ≤5th Percentile (n = 365) | >5th-95th Percentile (n = 6654) | >95th Percentile (n = 366) | P valuea | |
| Transthyretin concentration, mg/dL | 7.0-19.0 | 19.1-40.8 | 40.9-77.7 | <.001 | 1.0-14.4 | 14.5-38.0 | 38.1-86.7 | <.001 |
| Clinical parameters | ||||||||
| Age, y | 55 (46-67) | 56 (47-65) | 52 (46-61) | <.001 | 66 (54-73) | 59 (46-70) | 53 (42-62) | <.001 |
| Female, No. (%) | 335 (71.6) | 4639 (53.7) | 103 (21.9) | <.001 | 251 (68.7) | 4052 (60.9) | 149 (40.7) | <.001 |
| BMIb | 25.5 (23.0-28.7) | 25.6 (23.3-28.4) | 27.1 (24.8-29.8) | <.001 | 24.6 (21.6-28.4) | 24.9 (22.5-28.0) | 25.3 (23.1-28.1) | .05 |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 40 (8.6) | 591 (6.8) | 63 (13.4) | <.001 | 46 (12.6) | 674 (10.1) | 51 (13.9) | .03 |
| Prior MI, No. (%) | 11 (2.4) | 181 (2.1) | 13 (2.8) | .59 | 5 (1.4) | 157 (2.4) | 7 (1.9) | .42 |
| Statin, No. (%) | 24 (5.1) | 519 (6.0) | 53 (11.3) | <.001 | 3 (0.8) | 60 (0.9) | 5 (1.4) | .60 |
| Hypertension, No. (%)c | 261 (55.8) | 4503 (52.1) | 302 (64.1) | <.001 | 191 (52.3) | 3101 (46.6) | 152 (41.5) | .01 |
| Smoking, pack-years | 6 (0-26) | 6 (0-25) | 12 (0-27) | .02 | 18 (0-38) | 13 (0-30) | 14 (1-31) | <.001 |
| Alcohol, U/wkd | 6 (2-14) | 9 (4-16) | 14 (6-23) | <.001 | 4 (1-11) | 6 (2-12) | 11 (4-20) | <.001 |
| Physical inactivity, No. (%)e | 281 (60.0) | 4745 (54.9) | 266 (56.5) | .08 | 265 (72.6) | 4358 (65.5) | 230 (62.8) | <.001 |
| Biomarkers | ||||||||
| ALT, U/L | 19 (14-27) | 21 (16-28) | 29 (22-41) | <.001 | 12 (9-17) | 13 (9-18) | 14 (10-20) | .38 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.11 (3.86-4.36) | 4.23 (4.00-4.48) | 4.36 (4.13-4.62) | <.001 | 3.09 (2.98-3.21) | 3.21 (3.09-3.33) | 3.28 (3.17-3.41) | <.001 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 204.6 (174.7-231.6) | 216.2 (193.0-247.0) | 235.5 (208.4-262.5) | <.001 | 222.0 (193.0-266.3) | 235.5 (204.6-270.2) | 239.3 (208.4-270.2) | <.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 97.4 (73.5-139.8) | 129.2 (89.4-187.6) | 308.9 (214.2-434.5) | <.001 | 113.7 (84.5-158.4) | 132.8 (94.7-192.0) | 167.3 (103.5-266.4) | <.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.87 (0.80-0.96) | 0.90 (0.81-0.99) | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | <.001 | 0.97 (0.87-1.07) | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) | 1.06 (0.97-1.15) | <.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/dL | 0.18 (0.09-0.41) | 0.13 (0.06-0.28) | 0.12 (0.07-0.25) | <.001 | 0.20 (0.13-0.35) | 0.17 (0.12-0.26) | 0.15 (0.11-0.22) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction.
SI conversion factors: To convert ALT to microkatals per liter, multiply by 0.0167; albumin to grams per liter, multiply by 10; cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0113; creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; hsCRP to milligrams per liter, multiply by 10.
P values reflect one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication.
One unit of alcohol equals 12 g.
Less than 4 hours’ light leisure time physical activity per week.