Table 1.
First author | Year | Level of evidence | No. of fractures | No. of patients | Incidence (%) | Aetiology |
Timing of fracture (months) | Age | Gender |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress | Trauma | F | M | ||||||||
Otto13 | 2013 | IV | 53 | 212 | 25 | NS | NS | 15.2 | 75 | 43 | 10 |
Teusink10 | 2014 | IV | 25 | 1018 | 2.5 | NS | NS | 16 | 72.2 | 21 | 4 |
Crosby6 | 2011 | IV | 22 | 400 | 5.5 | 17 | 5 | 10.7 | 71.1 | 16 | 6 |
Levy8 | 2013 | IV | 16 | 157 | 10.2 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 77 | 13 | 3 |
Dubrow14 | 2014 | IV | 14 | 125 | 11.2 | all | 0 | 5.1 | 72.1 | 12 | 2 |
Kurowicki15 | 2016 | IV | 9 | 72 | 12.5 | NS | NS | NS | 76 | NS | NS |
Kennon11 | 2017 | IV | 9 | 318 | 2.8 | NS | NS | 17 | 70 | 6 | 3 |
Hattrup30 | 2010 | IV | 9 | 125 | 7.2 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 76 | 8 | 1 |
Hamid7 | 2011 | IV | 8 | 173 | 4.6 | 6 | 2 | 34.4 | 76.3 | 8 | 0 |
Wahlquist12 | 2011 | IV | 5 | 97 | 5.2 | 5 | 0 | 8.4 | 74.2 | 4 | 1 |
Mollon17 | 2016 | IV | 5 | 297 | 1.7 | 5 | 0 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Mellano18 | 2017 | IV | 5 | 100 | 5 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Werner19 | 2005 | IV | 4 | 58 | 6.9 | 4 | 0 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Walch9 | 2009 | IV | 4 | 457 | 0.9 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 72.3 | NS | NS |
Saltzman20 | 2014 | IV | 4 | 137 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Greiner16 | 2015 | I | 4 | 34 | 11.8 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Shafritz21 | 2012 | IV | 3 | 41 | 7.3 | 3 | 0 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Boileau22 | 2005 | IV | 2 | 45 | 4.4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | NS | NS | NS |
von Engelhardt23 | 2015 | IV | 1 | 67 | 1.5 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Simovitch24 | 2015 | IV | 1 | 41 | 2.4 | 1 | 0 | 6 | NS | NS | NS |
Kempton25 | 2011 | IV | 1 | 200 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Groh26 | 2014 | IV | 1 | 112 | 0.9 | NS | NS | 10 | 71 | 1 | 0 |
Cuff27 | 2008 | IV | 1 | 96 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | NS | NS | NS |
Bufquin28 | 2007 | IV | 1 | 43 | 2.3 | 1 | 0 | 12 | NS | NS | NS |
Atoun29 | 2014 | IV | 1 | 31 | 3.2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | NS | NS | NS |
Total (mean) | NA | NA | 208 | 4456 | 4.7 | 73 | 14 | 12.7 | 73.8 | 132 | 30 |
F: female; M: male; NA: not applicable; NS: not specified.