Table 2.
Epidemiological data necessary to build a “One-Health” cost model of AMR
| Data element | Data items |
|---|---|
| Prevalence of colonisation (Human Health) |
Proportion of individuals colonised by drug-resistant pathogens, by subgroups (please see text) at the time of health care access Proportion of individuals colonised by drug-resistant pathogens, by subgroups at point prevalence studies |
| Prevalence of colonisation (Animal Health) | Proportion of food animals colonised by drug-resistant pathogens post-slaughter |
| Prevalence of colonisation (Environment) |
Presence/absence of drug-resistant pathogens in water, soil and air Relevant to Human health: • Proportion of healthcare facility or home surfaces contaminated with resistant microorganisms (implies choice of relevant surfaces) • Abundance and diversity of drug-resistant pathogens in health facility/household effluent Relevant to Animal health: • Proportion of animal housing, abattoir and food preparation surfaces contaminated with resistant microorganisms (implies choice of relevant surfaces) • Abundance and diversity of drug-resistant pathogens in farming, abattoir and food preparation entities (restaurants & food processing plants) effluent The Environment: • Abundance and diversity of drug-resistant pathogens per volume/quantity of water, soil or air measured. |
| Prevalence of infection (Human Health) | Number of patients with infection, out of overall number of patients in the health care setting in that specific subgroup, at the time of assessment |
| Prevalence of infection (Animal Health) | Number of animals with infection, out of overall number of animals in the veterinary care/farm setting in that specific subgroup, at the time of assessment |
| Incidence of colonisation (Human Health) |
Number of new colonisations over an appropriate denominator (implies choice of denominator: see Table 2 in [16]) e.g. in outbreaks of KPC in NICUs, the number of new colonisations is also taken into account [17] For example, number of unique cases of colonised Clostridium difficile cases identified over 1000 patient-days (i.e. incident rate) |
| Incidence of colonisation (Animal Health) | Number of new colonisations out of animals not colonised |
| Incidence of infection (Human Health) | Number of patients with new infection caused by a pathogen resistant to 1st line, 2nd line, 3rd line antimicrobials, or MDR, by an appropriate denominator (implies choice of denominator: see Table 2 in [16]), by subgroup |
| Incidence of infection (Animal Health) | Number of animals with new infection caused by a pathogen resistant to 1st line, 2nd line, 3rd line antimicrobials, or MDR, by an appropriate rate denominator (implies choice of denominator), by subgroup |