Figure 1.

Association of frailty, as defined by the Fried phenotype (FP) model (A) and the Kihon Checklist (KCL) (B), and daily step counts based on the restricted cubic spline logistic regression model. FP model–based judgment of frailty was defined among persons who meet at least 3 of 5 points. KCL‐based judgment of frailty was defined among persons with at least 7 of 25 points. Solid lines represent odds ratios (ORs); dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ORs were calculated with the first quartile value of 1,759 steps/day as the reference. If the 95% CI for the OR did not span 1.00, the P value was estimated to be <.05, and if the 95% CI did span 1.00, the P value was estimated to be ≥.05. The adjusted factors were age, sex, region, step count assessment season, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, education attainment, medication use, family structure, socioeconomic status, denture use, and history of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, type II, and hyperlipidemia.