Table 3.

Influence of different clinical parameters of intensive care patients treated with ECMO on antibiotic serum concentrations, expressed as p values and determined using multiple linear generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses in a study from a University medical center in southwest Germany, October 2018–December 2019

Parameter	Ceftazidime	Piperacillin	Meropenem 3 g/d	Meropenem 6 g/d	Linezolid
ECMO	0.69	0.029a	0.02a	0.372	0.618
ECMOF24	0.15	0.63	0.86	0.48	0.19
Duration of use of ECMO membrane oxygenator (days)	0.006b	0.84	0.014b	0.23	< 0.05b
CRRT	0.03a	< 0.05b	0.01b	0.36	0.44
CRRT BF24	–	0.556	0.22	< 0.05a	0.132
CRRT DF24	–	0.2	0.82	0.01a	0.731

Italic values indicate multiple linear generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were used and a p value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant

The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and renal function (expressed as estimated creatine clearance using the CKD-EPI formula). Of note, an average of 3.55 serial measurements of antibiotic serum concentrations were performed per patient (range: 1–14)

ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMOF24 mean ECMO flow in l/min during 24 h, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT BF24 mean CRRT blood flow in ml/min during 24 h, CRRT DF24 mean CRRT dialysate flow in ml/h during 24 h

^aAssociated with a decreased antibiotic serum concentration

^bAssociated with an elevated antibiotic serum concentration