Table 4.
Microbiological findings and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics used to treat bacterial pathogens detected in respiratory tract samples, blood cultures and other body sites of patients in a study on therapeutic drug monitoring of ceftazidime, piperacillin, meropenem and linezolid in southwest Germany, October 2018–December 2019
| Ceftazidime | Piperacillin | Meropenem | Linezolid | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median MIC (IQR) | S ≤ | R > | Median MIC (IQR) | S ≤ | R > | Median MIC (IQR) | S ≤ | R > | Median MIC (IQR) | S ≤ | R > | |
| Respiratory tract infection | ||||||||||||
| Enterobacterales (n = 27)a | 1.5 (1–64) | 1 | 4 | – | 8 | 16 | 0.25 (0.25–0.25) | 2 | 8 | – | NA | NA |
| Non-fermenters (n = 15)b | 2 (1–3) | 8 | 8 | 136 (16–256) | 16 | 16 | 0.25 (0.25–0.25) | 2 | 8 | – | NA | NA |
| Gram-positive cocci (n = 8)c | – | NA | NA | – | NA | NA | –– | NA | NA | 2 (2–2) | 4 | 4 |
| Bloodstream infection | ||||||||||||
| Enterobacterales (n = 10)a | – | 1 | 4 | 4 (4–66) | 8 | 16 | 0.25 (0.25–0.25) | 2 | 8 | – | NA | NA |
| Non-fermenters (n = 3)b | – | 8 | 8 | 4 (4–4) | 16 | 16 | – | 2 | 8 | – | NA | NA |
| Gram-positive cocci (n = 13)c | – | NA | NA | – | NA | NA | – | NA | NA | 2 (1.5–5) | 4 | 4 |
| Other infections | ||||||||||||
| Enterobacterales (n = 10)a | 1 (1–1) | 1 | 4 | 4 (4–4) | 8 | 16 | 0.25 (0.25–1.2) | – | NA | NA | ||
| Gram-positive cocci (n = 3)b | – | NA | NA | – | NA | NA | - | NA | NA | 2 (1–2) | 4 | 4 |
MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration, expressed as mg/L. IQR, interquartile range. NA, not available
aThe following Enterobacterales were detected: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Hafnia alvei
bThe following non-fermentative bacteria were detected: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas monteilii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans
cThe folllowing Gram-positive cocci were detected: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium. Of note, only S. aureus was considered as clinically relevant in respiratory specimens