Table 1.
Characteristics of included observational studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis in Ethiopia
| Author | Region | Study setting | Study area | Study design | Sample size | Response rate | NOS | Study subject | Predictors OR 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animaw W et al. 2014 [30] | Amhara | community based | Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria District | CS | 630 | 100% | 7 | 12–23 month | Mother had formal education, (OR = 4.60; 95% CI: 3.13–6.77), gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 2.00–5.15), knowledge on immunization schedule (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30,0.71).travelling time < 60 min, (OR = 7.60; 95% CI: 2.67–21.66) |
| Aregawi G et al. 2017 [31] | Tigray | community based | Laelay Adiabo District | UMCC | 270 | 100% | 8 | 12–23 month | Knowledge on schedule,(OR = 6.98; 95% CI: 3.94–12.37), PNC follow up, (OR = 7.08; 95% CI: 3.67–13.65) |
| Asfaw A et al. 2019 [23] | SNNP | community based | Sodo Zurea Distric | UMCC | 344 | 100% | 9 | 12–23 month | Had formal education, (OR = 2.34;95% CI: 1.15–3.64), knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.73–4.48), PNC follow up, (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.73–4.48) |
| Ayal D and Bekele T 2014 [32] | Amhara | community based | Mecha District | CS | 497 | 100% | 9 | 12–23 month | Father had formal education, (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.90,1.82), urban residence, (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.76–8.82). gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.30,2.84), knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.42–5.39) |
| Birhan, Y., et al. 2014 [33] | SNNP | community based | Hawassa Zuria District | UMCC | 308 | 98% | 8 | 12–23 month |
Mother had formal education,(0R = 5.62;95% CI: 3.34–9.47), urban residence (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.69), gave birth to the health facility (OR = 5.95;95% CI: 2.93,12.11). knowledge on immunization -schedule,(OR = 5.02; 95% CI: 2.79–9.04) knowledge on immunization benefit, (OR = 2.05;95% CI: 1.09–3.87). ANC follow up, (OR = 0.98;95% CI: 0.65,1.49). TT vaccination, (OR = 3.47;95% CI: 2.10–5.73). |
| Bizuneh Ayano 2014 [34] | SNNP | community based | Hosanna Town | CS | 508 | 100% | 8 | 12–23 month | knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 2.28;95% CI:1.79–9.04). ANC follow up, (OR = 6.49; 95% CI: 2.76–15.26). TT vaccination, (OR = 4.85;95% CI: 3.38–6.97) |
| Etana and Deressa 2012 [21] | Oromia | community based | Ambo District | CS | 536 | 100% | 7 | 12–23 month | Gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 0.71;95%CI: 0.43,1.17). knowledge on age immunization complete, (OR = 10.03; 95% CI: 5.02,9.75). ANC follow up, (OR = 6.38; 95% CI: 4.01,10.15) |
| Girmay and Dadi 2019 [35] | Tigray | community based | Debre Markos Town | CS | 620 | 99.5% | 8 | 12–23 month | Mother had formal education, (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.20–2.59). gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 3.52;95% CI: 2.36–5.25), family size > = 4, (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.54,3.57). knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.15–0.34), travelling time < 60 min, (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.47–3.30) |
| Gualu and Dilia 2017 [22] | Amhara | community based | Debre Markos Town | CS | 288 | 96.8% | 7 | 12–23 month | ANC follow up, (OR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.32–10.19) |
| Hailu et al. 2019 [36] | SNNP | community based | Wonago district | CS | 1116 | 82.70% | 7 | 12–23 month | Knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 2.57;95% CI: 2.00–3.30). ANC follow up, (OR = 0.61;95% CI: 0.46–0.80), TT vaccination, (OR = 3.37;95% CI: 2.58–4.40) |
| Henok T et al. 2009 [37] | SNNP | community based | Wonago district | UMCC | 266 | 99.2% | 7 | 12–23 month | Knowledge on immunization benefit, (OR = 2.58;95% CI: 1.09–6.15). |
| Kassahun et al. 2015 [38] | Amhara | community based | Lay Armacheho district | CS | 751 | 99.2% | 8 | 12–23 month |
Knowledge on age immunization complete, (OR = 2.42,95% CI: 1.71–3.43), urban residence, (OR = 1.47;95% CI: 0.96–2.26). TT vaccination (OR = 2.45;95% CI: 1.64–3.64) |
| Lake et al. 2014 [36] | Amhra | community based | Dassie town | CS | 724 | 100% | 7 | 12–23 month |
Knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 6.12, 95% CI: 4.41,8.49). knowledge on age immunization complete, (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.24–1.29) family size > = 4, (OR = 1.14;95% CI: 0.75–1.72) |
| Legesse and Dechasa 2015 [39] | Oromia | community based | Sinana district | CS | 519 | 98.5% | 8 | 12–23 month |
Knowledge on immunization schedule, (OR = 2.16;95% CI: 1.45–3.22), father had formal education, (OR = 0.18;95% CI: 0.07–0.44), travelling time < 60 min, (OR = 2.16;95% CI: 0.69–6.72), ANC follow up, (OR = 3.03,95% CI: 2.02–4.55) |
| Melaku Kindie et al. 2018 [40] | SNNP | community based | Amanuel district | UMCC | 308 | 100% | 9 | 12–23 month | gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 0.15;95% CI: 0.09–0.25), ANC follow up, (OR = 5.10;95% CI: 3.12–8.34), PNC follow up, (OR = 3.28;95% CI: 1.84–5.85). |
| Meleko et al. 2018 [41] | SNNP | community based | Mizan Aman town | CC | 322 | 100% | 8 | 12–23 month | Mother had formal education, (OR = 3.03;95% CI: 1.91–4.80), gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 2.05;95% CI: 1.30–3.23) |
| Mebrahtom and Birhane 2013 [42] | Afar | community based | Amibara district | CS | 1534 | 98.3% | 8 | 12–23 month | Knowledge on immunization schedule, 21.50 (11.47–40.30). ANC follow up, (OR = 20.49;95% CI: 10.32–40.70), PNC follow up, (OR = 4.07;95% CI: 2.67,6.22). TT vaccination, (OR = 36.80;95% CI: 14.95–90.56) |
| Mekonnen et al. 2019 [43] | Amhara | community based | Minjarshenkora district | CS | 566 | 98.8% | 8 | 12–23 month | Travelling time < 60 min, (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.30–2.92) |
| Mohammed and Atomsa 203 | Oromia | community based | Kombolcha District | CS | 685 | 98.7% | 7 | 12–23 month | ANC follow up, (OR = 2.42;95% CI: 1.64–3.58) |
| Mohamud et al. 2014 [44] | Somali | community based | Jigjig district | CS | 582 | 100% | 8 | 12–23 month | Mother had formal education, (OR = 3.63;95% CI: 2.17–6.08), gave birth to the health facility, (OR = 3.06;95%CI: 2.10–4.47), urban residence, (OR = 2.63;95% CI: 1.85–3.73), TT vaccination, (OR = 4.94;95% CI: 2.82–8.66) |
| Negussie A et al. 2016 [45] | SNNP | community based | Arbegona district | CS | 548 | 99.45% | 7 | 12–23 month | Knowledge on immunization benefit, (OR = 6.30;95% CI: 2.33–3.87). family size > = 4, (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.52–3.24) |
| Tefera et al. 2018 [46] | SNNP | community based | Worabe town | CS | 484 | 89.6% | 8 | 12–23 month | travelling time < 60 min, (OR = 0.30;95% CI: 0.20–0.44), ANC follow up, (OR = 0.32;95% CI: 0.11–0.95) |
| Tesfaye et al. 2018 [20] | Amhara | community based | East Gojam Zone | CS | 846 | 98.1% | 8 | 12–23 month | Urban Residence, (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.23–2.15), ANC follow up, (OR = 3.86;95% CI: 2.42–6.16) |
| Tessema et al. 2019 [47] | Pastoral/semi-pastoral | community based |
CORE Group Polio Project implementation areas |
CS | 600 | 96.6% | 8 | 12–23 month | Urban residence, (OR = 9.39;95% CI: 6.42–13.75) |
| Wado et al. 2014 [48] | Oromia | community based | Gilgel Gibe Health and Demographic Surveillance System | CS | 889 | 100% | 8 | 12–23 month | Mother had formal education, (OR = 1.46;95% CI: 1.07–1.99) |
| Yismaw A et al. 2019 [49] | Amhara | community based | Gondar city | CS | 301 | 100% | 8 | 12–23 month | Knowledge on age immunization complete,(OR = 9.43;95% CI: 5.16–17.23), knowledge on immunization benefit, (OR = 1.54;95% CI: 0.82–2.89) |
Key: CS cross-sectional, UMCC unmatched case-control