Table 2.
Hazard ratios for mortality according to community level social trust or reciprocity
| Community Level Social Trust | Community Level Social Reciprocity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower half | Upper half | Lower half | Upper half | |
| Full cohort | ||||
| Number of participants | 318,525 | 317,530 | 317,884 | 318,061 |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Events, N | 2382 | 1626 | 2466 | 1542 |
| Person-years | 634,190 | 633,010 | 633,056 | 634,144 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.68 (0.64–0.73) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.62 (0.59–0.67) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.78–0.88) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.75–0.85) |
| Death from cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Events, N | 265 | 176 | 269 | 172 |
| Person-years | 634,190 | 633,010 | 633,056 | 634,144 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.64 (0.53–0.77) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.68–1.00) |
| Death from cancer | ||||
| Events, N | 467 | 336 | 477 | 326 |
| Person-years | 634,190 | 633,010 | 633,056 | 634,144 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.72 (0.63–0.83) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.68 (0.59–0.79) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) |
| Death from other causes | ||||
| Events, N | 1650 | 1114 | 1720 | 1044 |
| Person-years | 634,190 | 633,010 | 633,056 | 634,144 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.61 (0.56–0.65) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.81 (0.76–0.88) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.71–0.83) |
| Propensity score-matched cohort | ||||
| Number of participants | 301,990 | 301,990 | 292,816 | 292,816 |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Events, N | 2005 | 1619 | 2015 | 1523 |
| Person-years | 601,533 | 601,961 | 583,200 | 583,708 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.81 (0.76–0.86) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.84 (0.78–0.89) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.80 (0.75–0.86) |
| Death from cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Events, N | 223 | 176 | 212 | 172 |
| Person-years | 601,533 | 601,961 | 583,200 | 583,708 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.65–0.96) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.67–0.99) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) |
| Death from cancer | ||||
| Events, N | 406 | 334 | 385 | 322 |
| Person-years | 601,533 | 601,961 | 583,200 | 583,708 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) |
| Death from other causes | ||||
| Events, N | 1376 | 1109 | 1418 | 1029 |
| Person-years | 601,533 | 601,961 | 583,200 | 583,708 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.81 (0.74–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.73 (0.67–0.79) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.77–0.90) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) |
Model 1: unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression
Model 2: adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression after adjustments for age, sex, household income, and Charlson comorbidity index
Acronyms: aHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence interval