Table 4.
Sensitivity and stratified analyses on the association of community level social trust or reciprocity with all-cause mortality taking into consideration smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community Level Social Trust | Community Level Social Reciprocity | |||
| Lower half | Upper half | Lower half | Upper half | |
| Full cohort | ||||
| Number of participants | 148,829 | 140,672 | 148,556 | 140,945 |
| Sensitivity analysis | ||||
| Fully adjusted | 1.00 (reference) | 0.76 (0.68–0.86) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.73 (0.65–0.83) |
| + smoking | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.74 (0.65–0.84) |
| + alcohol intake | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.74 (0.65–0.83) |
| + physical activity | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.70–0.89) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) |
| + all lifestyle behaviors | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.68–0.88) |
| Stratified analysis | ||||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never smokers | 1.00 (reference) | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) |
| Past and current smokers | 1.00 (reference) | 0.63 (0.52–0.75) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.67 (0.56–0.80) |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) |
| Yes | 1.00 (reference) | 0.74 (0.61–0.89) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 0.76 (0.65–0.89) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) |
| Yes | 1.00 (reference) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) |
| Propensity score-matched cohort | ||||
| Number of participants | 137,694 | 139,426 | 131,809 | 136,175 |
| Sensitivity analysis | ||||
| Fully adjusted | 1.00 (reference) | 0.76 (0.67–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) |
| + smoking | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.67–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) |
| + alcohol intake | 1.00 (reference) | 0.76 (0.67–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) |
| + physical activity | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.69–0.89) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) |
| + all lifestyle behaviors | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) |
| Stratified analysis | ||||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never smokers | 1.00 (reference) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) |
| Past and current smokers | 1.00 (reference) | 0.63 (0.53–0.87) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 0.78 (0.66–0.93) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) |
| Yes | 1.00 (reference) | 0.74 (0.61–0.90) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.71 (0.60–0.84) |
| Yes | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) |
Sensitivity and stratified analysis conducted for those who underwent health screening examinations during 2010–2011
Fully adjusted model includes adjustments for age, sex, household income, and Charlson comorbidity index
All lifestyle behaviors include smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity
Adjusted hazard ratios calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression after adjustments for age, sex, household income, and Charlson comorbidity index
Acronyms: aHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence interval