Table 1.

Evaluation of distraction accuracy by distances between the reference points of the simulation models and those of experiments (in mm)

Reference Pointsb		Groups by distraction methoda			Kruskal-Wallis test	Dunn’s multiple comparisons test
Area	Location	Group 1	Group 2	Control		Group1–2	Group1-C	Group2-C
Molar	upper	2.78 ± 1.05	2.09 ± 1.19	8.64 ± 2.88	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0006*	< 0.0001*
	poserior	2.30 ± 0.67	1.99 ± 0.81	7.83 ± 2.38	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0004*	< 0.0001*
	buccal	2.43 ± 0.78	1.78 ± 1.00	9.56 ± 2.96	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0011*	< 0.0001*
	anterior	3.03 ± 1.12	2.22 ± 1.06	13.49 ± 3.28	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0007*	< 0.0001*
	lingual	2.84 ± 1.07	2.39 ± 0.92	11.91 ± 2.71	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0006*	< 0.0001*
	Subtotal	2.68 ± 0.94	2.09 ± 1.0	10.29 ± 2.84
Chin	upper	4.44 ± 1.83	3.44 ± 1.95	24.48 ± 4.49	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0005*	< 0.0001*
	posterior	4.18 ± 1.64	3.70 ± 1.57	23.66 ± 4.30	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0003*	< 0.0001*
	right	4.39 ± 1.69	3.63 ± 2.03	25.78 ± 4.72	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0003*	< 0.0001*
	anterior	4.86 ± 2.19	4.19 ± 2.11	29.76 ± 5.08	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0002*	< 0.0001*
	left	4.62 ± 2.07	4.19 ± 1.71	27.51 ± 4.66	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0002*	< 0.0001*
	inferior	4.57 ± 2.00	4.17 ± 1.80	28.36 ± 4.88	< 0.0001*	> 0.9999	0.0001*	< 0.0001*
	Subtotal	4.51 ± 1.9	3.89 ± 1.86	26.59 ± 4.69
Total		3.68 ± 1.41	3.07 ± 1.39	19.18 ± 3.73	< 0.0001	> 0.9999	0.0003	< 0.0001

1) P < 0.05*,

2) ^aGroup 1: fully-customized distraction assembly with plate-type positioning guide; Group 2: fully-customized distraction assembly with distractor-type positioning guide; Control group: conventional distractor

3) ^bThe location of reference points denote: molar upper for maxillary first molar; molar poserior for mandible second molar; molar buccal for buccal side of first molar; molar anterior for premolar area; molar lingual for lingual side of first molar; chin upper for mandibular incisor; chin posterior for mandibular symphysis; chin right for right parasymphysis;