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. 2020 Nov 25;18:308. doi: 10.1186/s12957-020-02086-1

Table 2.

Pathologic characteristics and oncological outcomes

Characteristic Overall After match (1:3)
With PAS (N = 35) Without PAS (N = 168) P value With PAS (N = 32) Without PAS (N = 96) P value
N % N % N % N %
Preoperative clinical staging
 Tumor depth 0.9823 0.9270
 T2 2 5.7% 11 6.5% 1 3.1% 5 5.2%
 T3 27 77.1% 129 76.8% 25 78.1% 74 77.1%
 T4 6 17.1% 28 16.7% 6 18.8% 17 17.7%
 Lymph node metastasis 0.2970 0.9345
 N0 11 31.4% 33 19.6% 8 25.0% 26 27.1%
 N1 15 42.9% 88 52.4% 15 46.9% 46 47.9%
 N2 9 25.7% 47 28.0% 9 28.1% 24 25.0%
 AJCC stage (clinical) 0.3444 0.9846
 I 2 5.7% 4 2.4% 1 3.1% 4 4.2%
 II 7 20.0% 26 15.5% 7 21.9% 21 21.9%
 III 20 57.1% 120 71.4% 20 62.5% 59 61.5%
 IV 6 17.1% 18 10.7% 4 12.5% 12 12.5%
Postoperative pathological outcomes
 Tumor size 0.3634 0.2124
 < 5 cm 35 100.0% 159 94.6% 32 100.0% 92 95.8%
 ≥ 5 cm 0 0.0% 9 5.4% 0 0.0% 4 4.2%
Tumor size (cm)
 Median (range) 1.7 (0–4.5) 1.7 (0–8.0) 0.8658 1.8 (0–4.5) 1.5 (0–8.0) 0.4810
 Mean ± SD 1.8 ± 1.2 1.9 ± 1.7 0.6117 1.9 ± 1.2 1.7 ± 1.7 0.6547
 Tumor depth 0.6850 0.3077
 T0 7 20.0% 47 28.0% 6 18.8% 28 29.2%
 Tis 0 0.0% 2 1.2% 0 0.0% 2 2.1%
 T1 3 8.6% 11 6.5% 3 9.4% 8 8.3%
 T2 9 25.7% 43 25.6% 7 21.9% 26 27.1%
 T3 16 45.7% 60 35.7% 16 50.0% 29 30.2%
 T4 0 0.0% 5 3.0% 0 0.0% 3 3.1%
 Lymph node metastasis 0.8948 0.8281
 N0 27 77.1% 126 75.0% 24 75.0% 72 75.0%
 N1 7 20.0% 32 19.0% 7 21.9% 18 18.8%
 N2 1 2.9% 9 5.4% 1 3.1% 5 5.2%
 N3 0 0.0% 1 0.6% 0 0.0% 1 1.0%
 AJCC stage (pathologic) 0.5986 0.7447
 0 6 17.1% 45 26.8% 6 18.8% 27 28.1%
 I 10 28.6% 36 21.4% 9 28.1% 23 24.0%
 II 8 22.9% 35 20.8% 8 25.0% 16 16.7%
 III 5 14.3% 32 19.0% 5 15.6% 17 17.7%
 IV 6 17.1% 20 11.9% 4 12.5% 13 13.5%
 Down stage of T stage 0.4106 0.4188
 Down stage 23 65.7% 116 69.0% 21 65.6% 72 75.0%
 Unchanged 12 34.3% 46 27.4% 11 34.4% 23 24.0%
 Up stage 0 0.0% 6 3.6% 0 0.0% 1 1.0%
 Down stage of N stage 0.6294 0.7574
 Down stage 21 60.0% 112 66.7% 21 65.6% 57 59.4%
 Unchanged 13 37.1% 49 29.2% 10 31.3% 34 35.4%
 Up stage 1 2.9% 7 4.2% 1 3.1% 5 5.2%
 Down stage of AJCCstage 0.4548 0.8358
 Down stage 19 54.3% 110 65.5% 19 59.4% 62 64.6%
 Unchanged 15 42.9% 54 32.1% 12 37.5% 31 32.3%
 Up stage 1 2.9% 4 2.4% 1 3.1% 3 3.1%
 Tumor regression grade 0.4980 0.3177
 0 7 20.6% 46 28.6% 6 19.4% 27 30.3%
 1 14 41.2% 68 42.2% 13 41.9% 39 43.8%
 2 11 32.4% 34 21.1% 10 32.3% 16 17.4%
 3 2 5.9% 13 8.1% 2 6.5% 8 8.4%
 Tumor regression 0.4992 0.1747
 Good (0 + 1) 21 61.8% 114 70.8% 19 61.3% 66 74.2%
 Poor (2 + 3) 13 38.2% 47 29.2% 12 38.7% 23 25.8%
Harvested lymph node
 Median (range) 10 (2–33) 9 (0–36) 0.7059 10 (2–23) 9 (1–30) 0.2360
 Mean ± SD 10.7 ± 5.8 10.3 ± 5.7 0.6939 11.2 ± 5.8 9.7 ± 5.5 0.2020
Positive lymph node
 Median (range) 0 (0–6) 0 (0–24) 0.6550 0 (0–6) 0 (0–24) 0.7394
 Mean ± SD 0.4 ± 1.1 0.6 ± 2.3 0.3068 0.4 ± 1.2 0.8 ± 3.0 0.3348
Harvested apical node
 Median (range) 2 (0–10) 2 (0–10) 0.6824 2 (0–10) 2 (0–8) 0.9269
 Mean ± SD 2.3 ± 2.1 2.4 ± 2.1 0.7417 2.3 ± 2.1 2.2 ± 1.8 0.7394
Positive apical node
 Median (range) 0 (0–3) 0 (0–2) 0.2219 0 (0–3) 0 (0–2) 0.3176
 Mean ± SD 0.2 ± 0.6 0.1 ± 0.3 0.2939 0.2 ± 0.6 0.1 ± 0.4 0.3540
 Vascular invasion 1.0000 0.9158
 No 31 91.2% 143 91.7% 28 90.3% 81 91.0%
 Yes 3 8.8% 13 8.3% 3 9.7% 8 8.99%
 Perineural invasion 0.6028 0.8250
 No 29 85.3% 128 81.5% 26 83.9% 74 82.22%
 Yes 5 14.7% 29 18.5% 5 16.1% 16 17.78%
Distance of PRM (cm)
 Median (range) 5.0 (1.0–10.0) 5.5 (0.8–58.0) 0.3476 5.0 (1.0–10.0) 5.8 (0.8–58.0) 0.0924
 Mean ± SD 5.2 ± 1.8 6.1 ± 4.9 0.0813 5.2 ± 1.8 7.0 ± 7.5 0.0412
Distance of DRM (cm)
 Median (range) 2.1 (0.1–8.1) 2 (0.1–7.5) 0.7923 2.4 (0.1–8.1) 2.0 (0.1–7.0) 0.5231
 Mean ± SD 2.4 ± 1.9 2.3 ± 0.5 0.6451 2.4 ± 1.9 2.2 ± 1.5 0.4101
Distance of CRM (mm)
 Median (range) 11.5 (2.0–120.0) 12.0 (1.0–120.0) 0.9867 10.0 (2.0–120.0) 22.9 15.0 (1.0–98.0) 0.5309
 Mean ± SD 23.0 ± 29.5 18.9 ± 20.9 0.4994 ± 30.7 20.2 ± 20.5 0.6971
 DRM 0.1383 0.3322
 Free 33 94.3% 166 98.8% 30 93.8% 93 97.4%
 Positive 2 5.7% 2 1.2% 2 6.3% 3 2.6%
 CRM 1.0000 0.8828
 Free 34 97.1% 161 97.0% 31 96.9% 93 96.9%
 Positive 1 2.9% 5 3.0% 1 3.1% 3 3.1%
 Resection degree of primary tumor 0.6549 0.8224
 R0 33 94.3% 161 95.8% 30 93.8% 91 94.8%
 R1 2 5.7% 7 4.2% 2 6.3% 5 5.2%
Oncological outcomes (clinical stages I–III)
 Follow-up periods (months)
 Median (range) 23.1 (8.4–74.6) 28.6 (6.2–87.1) 0.3183 22.5 (8.4–74.6) 30.5 (6.2–87.1) 0.4770
 Mean ± SD 29.0 ± 16.5 32.9 ± 19.3 0.2579 29.4 ± 17.1 33.1 ± 19.7 0.3499
 Post-op relapse 0.9904 0.8943
 No 24 82.8% 124 82.7% 23 82.1% 70 83.3%
 Yes 5 17.2% 26 17.3% 5 17.9% 14 16.7%
 Post-op locoregional recurrent 0.5913 0.0828
 No 28 96.6% 146 97.3% 27 96.4% 84 100.0%
 Yes 1 3.4% 4 2.7% 1 3.6% 0 0.0%
 Post-op distant metastasis 1.0000 0.7575
 No 25 86.2% 128 85.3% 24 85.7% 70 83.3%
 Yes 4 13.8% 22 14.7% 4 14.3% 14 16.7%
 Death 1.0000 0.9377
 No 31 88.6% 150 89.3% 28 87.5% 85 88.5%
 Yes 4 11.4% 18 10.7% 4 12.5% 11 11.5%
 DFS (months)
 Median (range) 21.3 (8.4–74.6) 24.4 (2.5–87.1) 0.7826 20.9 (8.4–74.6) 26.7 (2.5–87.1) 0.8103
 Mean ± SD 27.6 ± 16.6 30.1 ± 19.7 0.5297 27.5 ± 16.9 29.8 ± 19.7 0.5773
OS (months)
 Median (range) 23.1 (8.4–74.6) 28.4 (6.4–87.1) 0.4110 22.5 (8.4–74.6) 30.7 (7.0–87.1) 0.4692
 Mean ± SD 29.1 ± 16.8 32.8 ± 19.4 0.3292 29.4 ± 17.1 33.0 ± 19.6 0.3395

PAS previous abdominal surgery, AJCC American Joint Commission on Cancer, SD standard deviation, PRM proximal resection margin, DRM distal resection margin, CRM circumferential resection margin, DFS disease-free survival, OS overall survival