Table 4.

HLA-DQ genotype and serum IL-2 after gluten

Genotype group†, participants (n)	Serum IL-2 concentrations, median (interquartile range) pg/ml				Responders‡ participants, n (%)
	2 h	4 h	6 h	Maximum††
1. DQ2.5 positive (266)	2.2 (< 0.5–8.6)	3.2 (0.6–10.7)	1.2 (< 0.5–4.5)	4.6 (0.8–13.1)	217 (82%)
2. DQ2.5 negative‡‡ (29)	< 0.5 (< 0.5–1.2)	0.6 (< 0.5–2.9)	< 0.5 (< 0.5–1.1)	0.6 (< 0.5–3.6)	17 (52%)
3. DQ2.5, 2.5 (34)	2.7 (0.8–8.0)	3.7 (1.3–9.4)	1.6 (0.6–4.9)	5.9 (1.8–10.8)	29 (85%)
4. DQ2.5, 2.2 (56)	5.5 (2.5–12.9)	9.0 (2.6–22.9)	3.7 (0.9–7.0)	10.2 (4.7–24.5)	52 (93%)
5. DQ2.5, 7 (15)	0.8 (< 0.5–7.4)	1.8 (< 0.5–5.0)	0.8 (< 0.5–1.4)	1.8 (< 0.5–9.0)	11 (73%)
6. DQ2.5, 8 (36)	1.1 (< 0.5–6.7)	2.4 (< 0.5–5.7)	0.9 (< 0.5–2.8)	2.7 (0.6–8.5)	28 (78%)
7. DQ2.5trans (18)	1.5 (0.7–8.2)	3.3 (0.9–12.5)	1.5 (0.6–6.9)	3.3 (0.9–12.5)	16 (89%)
8. DQ2.5cis, X (107)	1.4 (< 0.5–6.3)	1.9 (< 0.5–8.1)	0.8 (< 0.5–3.0)	2.5 (0.6–10.4)	81 (76%)

^†HLA-DQA and DQB alleles for the following genotype groups: 1. DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 both present; 2. absent either or both DQA1*05 and DQB1*02; 3; homozygous both DQA1*05 and DQB1*02; 4. DQA1*02,05, and DQB1*02 homozygous; 5. DQA1*05 homozygous and DQB1*02,03; 6. DQA1*03,05 and DQB1*02,03; 7. DQA1*02,05 and DQB1*02,03; 8. Other patients with DQA1*05 and DQB1*02

^‡Responders defined by maximum serum IL-2 concentration at least 0.5 pg/ml

^††Mann-Whitney test false discovery rate-adjusted p values for six comparisons were significant for the presence of DQ2.5 (group 1 vs 2), p = 0.004; DQB1*02 gene dose (groups 5, 6, 7 and 8 vs 3 and 4), p = 0.0009; p values were not significant for DQA1*05 gene dose (groups 4, 6, 7 and 8 vs 3 and 5), DQ2.5 homozygotes vs DQ2.5, 2.2 (group 3 vs 4), DQ2.5cis, X vs DQ2.5trans (group 7 vs 8) and for DQ2.5,8 vs DQ2.5cis, X (group 7 vs 8)

^‡‡See Table S8 for genotypes, symptoms and IL-2 responses of HLA-DQ2.5-negative patients