Table 2.

Incidence and hazard ratios of osteoporotic hip fracture between patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy

	Hepatic encephalopathy
	No			Yes
	Event	PY	Ratea	Event	PY	Ratea	cHR	(95% CI)	aHR	(95% CI)	P-value
Overall	575	58,393	9.8	68	3337	20.4	2.15	((1.67,2.78)***	2.36	(1.82,3.05)***	< 0.001
Sex
Female	332	22,154	15.0	41	1278	32.1	2.25	((1.62,3.13)***	2.39	(1.71,3.34)***	< 0.001
Male	243	36,239	6.7	27	2058	13.1	2.00	((1.34,3.00)***	2.24	(1.49,3.36)***	< 0.001
Age, years
50–64	105	28,340	3.7	24	1972	12.2	3.57	((2.27,5.60)***	2.87	(1.81,4.54)***	< 0.001
65–79	350	25,837	13.5	34	1144	29.7	2.51	((1.76,3.60)***	2.42	(1.69,3.47)***	< 0.001
80+	120	4216	28.5	10	221	45.3	1.52	((0.79,2.92)	1.49	(0.78,2.88)	0.056
Comorbidity
Hypertension	408	32,778	12.4	49	1910	25.7	2.18	((1.62,2.95)***	2.44	(1.80,3.31)***	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	277	23,738	11.7	30	1348	22.3	1.96	((1.34,2.87)***	2.09	(1.42,3.07)***	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	145	14,205	10.2	25	1081	23.1	2.38	((1.55,3.65)***	2.68	(1.74,4.15)***	< 0.001
Senile Cataract	204	13,964	14.6	21	828	25.3	1.77	((1.13,2.80)*	2.02	(1.28,3.20)**	< 0.001
Gastric Ulcer	289	23,761	12.2	36	1432	25.1	2.07	((1.46,2.95)***	2.31	(1.62,3.30)***	< 0.001
Cholangitis	27	1595	16.9	2	109	18.4	1.18	((0.27,5.07)	1.10	(0.23,5.32)	0.078
Depression	66	5053	13.1	11	443	24.8	2.02	((1.06,3.84)*	2.19	(1.12,4.20)*	0.048
Alcohol-related illnesses	79	10,429	7.6	13	1117	11.6	1.57	((0.87,2.83)	1.91	(1.03,3.49)*	0.047

aHR adjusted hazard ratio, cHR crude hazard ratio, PY person-years

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001

rate^a, incidence rate per 1000 person-years