Table 3.
Baseline imaging characteristics in 357 DIPGs
| Imaging Feature | N | % Cases* | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor Extension | |||
| No extension beyond pons | 15 | 4.2 | |
| Cerebellum | 85 | 23.8 | |
| Midbrain | 245 | 68.6 | |
| Thalami | 25 | 7.0 | |
| Medulla | 260 | 72.8 | |
| Internal capsule | 24 | 6.7 | |
| Brachium pontis | 284 | 79.6 | |
| Extension beyond pons and BP | 319 | 89.4 | |
| % pons involved | |||
| 1–33% | 1 | 0.3 | |
| 34–66% | 21 | 5.9 | |
| 67–100% | 335 | 93.8 | |
| <50% | 3 | 0.8 | |
| >50% | 354 | 99.2 | |
| Tumor Morphology | |||
| Margin (well-defined) | 15 | 4.2 | |
| Eccentric | 50 | 14.0 | |
| Exophytic | 229 | 64.1 | |
| Heterogeneity (marked) | 54 | 15.1 | |
| Atypical features but likely DIPG | 92 | 25.8 | |
| Tumor Signal | |||
| T1 hypointense/T2 hyperintense | 336 | 95.7 | 351 with both T1 and T2 sequences |
| T2 hypointensity (any) | 189 | 53.2 | 2 missing T2 sequence |
| Non-necrotic T2 hyperintensity (any) | 128 | 36.1 | 2 missing T2 sequence |
| Stripes visible | 251 | 70.5 | 1 incomplete data |
| Enhancement | |||
| Enhancement (any) | 239 | 68.9 | of 347 that had contrast |
| Homogeneous | 2 | 0.8 | of 239 that had enhancement |
| Ring enhancement | 122 | 51.5 | of 239 that had enhancement |
| Patchy enhancement | 162 | 67.4 | of 239 that had enhancement |
| Patchy and ring enhancement | 46 | 19.2 | of 239 that had enhancement |
| Diffusion/Hemorrhage/Necrosis | |||
| Diffusion restriction (any) | 184 | 63.2 | of 291 with diffusion sequence |
| Hemorrhage (any) | 102 | 28.6 | |
| Hemorrhage (> minimal) | 40 | 11.2 | |
| Hemorrhage (any, GRE/SWI) | 73 | 50.0 | of 146 with SWI or GRE sequence |
| Hemorrhage (>minimal.,GRE/SWI) | 31 | 21.2 | of 146 with SWI or GRE sequence |
| Necrosis (any) | 156 | 43.6 | |
| Necrosis + ring enhancement | 118 | 34.0 | of 347 that had contrast |
| Necrosis with no ring enhancement | 37 | 10.7 | of 347 that had contrast |
| Spectroscopy | |||
| NAA/Cr (decreased) | 66 | 75.0 | of 88 with spectroscopy |
| Cho/Cr (increased) | 74 | 84.1 | of 88 with spectroscopy |
| Cho/NAA (increased) | 75 | 85.2 | of 88 with spectroscopy |
| mI/Cr (increased) | 34 | 41.0 | of 83 with assessable mI |
| Lactate present | 56 | 64.4 | of 87 with assessable lactate |
| Other Features | |||
| Hydrocephalus | 79 | 22.1 | |
| Subependymal signal | 78 | 21.8 | *see note |
| Distant disease | 11 | 3.1 | of 357 cases |
| Distant disease (spine available) | 9 | 6.8 | of 133 with spine imaging |
* 26 subjects with no hydrocephalus had subependymal signal, 52 subjects with hydrocephalus had subependymal signal.