Figure 1.

Flowchart of the study. The figure represents the workflow of the project. Sampling was performed by the Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Østfold Hospital Trust and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm [16]. In this study, we analyzed fecal samples from children in four different age groups (newborn, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months) and their respective mothers, using a multiomics approach, which included 16S rRNA sequencing, short-chain fatty acids, shotgun sequencing, and metaproteomics. The stippled line represents the number (n) of fecal samples from infants analyzed at the different age groups at gas chromatography for short-chain fatty acid composition, and the full line represents the number of fecal samples from each age group that were analyzed by 16S rRNA after rarefaction and filtering for poor quality sequences.