Table 3.
Methodological quality assessment: Randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of exercise and/or nutrition interventions on nutritional status, physical function and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer.
| Study | Intervention Type | Criteria * | Total | Quality ** | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||
| Randomized Controlled Trials | ||||||||||||||
| Samuel, 2019 [22] |
Exercise | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | 7 | Moderate |
| Samuel, 2013 [30] |
Exercise | + | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | 5 | Moderate |
| Cereda, 2018 [23] |
Nutrition | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | 8 | High |
| Jiang, 2018 [26] |
Nutrition | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | 8 | High |
| Roussel, 2017 [29] |
Nutrition | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | 6 | Moderate |
| Ravasco, 2005 [27] | Nutrition | ? | + | + | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | 6 | Moderate |
| Isenring, 2003 [25] | Nutrition | − | + | ? | + | − | − | ? | + | − | ? | + | 4 | Low |
| Hearne, 1989 [24] |
Nutrition | − | ? | ? | ? | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | 2 | Low |
| Daly, 1984 [21] |
Nutrition | + | − | ? | ? | − | − | − | ? | − | + | − | 2 | Low |
| Pilot and Feasibility Studies | ||||||||||||||
| Sandmael, 2017 [9] | Exercise and nutrition | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | 6 | Moderate |
| Capozzi, 2016 [10] |
Exercise and nutrition | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | 7 | Moderate |
| Zhao, 2016 [31] |
Exercise and nutrition | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 10 | High |
| Rogers, 2013 [28] |
Exercise and nutrition | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | 8 | High |
* The criteria addressed the following issues: 1 eligibility criteria specified; 2 randomly allocated to groups; 3 allocation concealment; 4 groups similar at baseline; 5 blinding of all subjects; 6 blinding of caregivers; 7 blinded outcome assessment; 8 measures obtained from least 85% of subjects; 9 intention-to-treat analysis; 10 between-group statistics; 11 measure of variability. + = yes, - = no and ? = unclear. Points were awarded only when a criterion was clearly satisfied. Criterion 1 is not scored. Each other criterion was given equal weight (i.e., 1 point) for a maximum sum score of 10. ** High quality: 8–10, moderate: 5–7, low: 0–4.