Table 3.
Habitual dietary intake from 3-day food records.
| All subjects | Men | Women | p-Value * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOVA Food Classification | ||||
| Unprocessed/minimally processed (%) | 26.7 ± 2.1 | 29.3 ± 4.4 | 25.2 ± 2.2 | 0.363 |
| Culinary ingredients (%) | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 0.062 |
| Processed (%) | 20.8 ± 1.6 | 20.7 ± 3.7 | 20.8 ± 1.5 | 0.967 |
| Ultra-processed (%) | 50.0 ± 2.4 | 48.8 ± 5.2 | 50.8 ± 2.4 | 0.728 |
| Nutrients | ||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2060 ± 83 | 2359 ± 167 | 1880 ± 69 | 0.004 |
| Carbohydrates (%) | 46 ± 1 | 46 ± 3 | 46 ± 1 | 0.880 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 11 ± 0 | 10 ± 1 | 11 ± 0 | 0.351 |
| Added sugar (%) | 10 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 0.405 |
| Protein (%) | 17 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 | 0.021 |
| Fat (%) | 36 ± 1 | 35 ± 2 | 37 ± 1 | 0.344 |
| Saturated fat (%) | 12 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 0.295 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 1486 ± 50 | 1494 ± 83 | 1481 ± 64 | 0.910 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 1355 ± 51 | 1343 ± 94 | 1362 ± 61 | 0.856 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 638 ± 18 | 661 ± 31 | 624 ± 21 | 0.322 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 469 ± 27 | 470 ± 58 | 468 ± 26 | 0.982 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 166 ± 10 | 159 ± 16 | 171 ± 13 | 0.563 |
| Alcohol (%) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.233 |
Note: Nutrient intake is normalized per 1000 kcal when expressed in mg or g. Food record from one male subject has 2 reported days instead of 3. Values are means ± SEM. * Men vs. women.