Figure 1.

Development of and effects of cytokinin on Zizania latifolia galls. (A) In contrast to uninfected wild-type (WT) shoots (left panel), infected shoots develop large galls under their apices up to 20 cm length, over a time course of 2 weeks (middle, initial shape of apex, right panel stages of gall formation). The red circles indicate the size of the collected samples collected for expression analysis. (B) Morphology (stars label the swollen shoots) and (C) frequency of gall formation of 150 mg/L t-zeatin treated and untreated Z. latifolia plants (n = 12). (D) Fresh weight and size (E) of treated and untreated galls (n > 100). Each histogram represents the mean value and the bar indicates the means ± standard error of biological replicates. * Significant difference at p < 0.05. ** Significant difference at p < 0.01.