Table 1.
Characteristics of individual studies.
| Study | Year | Country | Age | Sample | Race | Diagnosis of PCOS | Source of control | Adjustment factors | Follow-up (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calderon-Margalit | 2014 | USA | 45.4(3.44); 45.4 (3.57) | 55/668 | Black 376, White 374 | NR | Women who had none of these symptoms | Age, Race, Education, Smoking, Menopausal Status, BMI, SBP, lnTG, and HOMA-IR | 20 |
| Dahlgren | 1992 | Sweden | 45.9(40-49); 55.1(50–61) | 40–49 Y: 18/57; 50–61 Y: 15/75 | NR | Histopathological characteristics | Age matched referents | NR | 12 |
| Ding | 2018 | Taiwan | 15–49 | 8,048/32,192 | NR | ICD-9 | NR | NR | 16 |
| Glintborg | 2015 | Denmark | 29(23–35) | 77,899 | NR | ICD-10 | The index date of their matched PCOS cases | NR | 17 |
| Hart | 2015 | Australia | NR | 2,560/26,660 | NR | ICD-10 or ICD-9 | Hospital population | Any potential effect of PCOS on hospitalizations related to adult onset diabetes | 15 |
| Iftikhar | 2012 | USA | 25.0 ± 5.3 | 309/652 | NR | ICD | Matched age and calendar year during their clinic visit plus three years | Age at last follow-up, BMI, infertility treatment, postmenopausal hormone therapy, and family history. | 22 |
| Joan | 2006 | USA | 30.7 ± 7.2/30.8 ± 7.5 | 11,035/55,175 | White 1,209/3,778, Black 226/522, Asian 288/1,117, Hispanic 352/1,324, Other 140/432 | ICD-9 | Health plan membership | Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and BMI | NR |
| Lunde | 2007 | Norway | 49.8(42.8, 57.4)/46.6(35.6, 57.2) | 131/854 | NR | Ultrasound examination and histological examination | Matched age, birth cohort and observation time | NR | 15–20 |
| Mani | 2013 | UK | 29.6 ± 9.1 | 2,301 | White 1,479, South Asian 677, Black 26, Other 119 | Clinical and biochemical grounds | National Female Population | BMI, age and hypertension | 20 |
| Merz | 2016 | USA | 62.6 ± 11.6/64.8 ± 9.6 | 25/270 | NR | 1990 NIH criteria, 2003 European and American criteria | Registered menopausal population in the WISE | Diabetes, waist circumference, hypertension, and angiographic CAD | 10 |
| Morgan | 2012 | UK | 27.1 ± 7.1/27.1 ± 7.1 | 21,734/108,670 | NR | NR | Matched primary-care practice, age and BMI | Age, primary-care contacts, BMI, and year of diagnosis | 5 |
| Meun | 2018 | Netherlands | 69.57 ± 8.72/69.20 ± 8.60 | 106/171 | NR | NR | NR | Age, years since menopause and cohort | 12 |
| Schmidt | 2011 | Sweden | NR | 32/127 | Caucasian | Rotterdam criteria | Age-matched control | NR | 21 |
| Shaw | 2008 | UA | 62.5 ± 10/65.8 ± 9 | 104/390 | NR | NR | Women without clinical features of PCOS from NIH-NHLBI | Age and body mass index | 6 |
| Wild | 2000 | UK | NR | 319/1,379 | NR | Histopathology records, operating theater records, admission and discharge records and diagnostic indexes | Age matched referents | BMI | 5 |
BMI, body mass index; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; NR, Not reported; PCOS, Polycystic ovary syndrome.