Table 2.
Comparison of the dye separation nanofiltration membrane in the literature and commercial membrane.
| Membrane | Modified Method | Water Permeability (L∙m⁻2∙h⁻1∙bar⁻1) | Dye Type | Dye Concentration (mg/L) | Dyes Rejection (%) | NaCl Concentration (mg/L) | NaCl Rejection (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVDF-PAA d | UV | 26.42 | CR | 100 | 99.38 | 1000 | 14.92 | This work |
| NF270 a | IP | 11.32 | CR | 100 | 99.76 | 1000 | 47.8 | This work |
| NF90 a | IP | 10.49 | CR | 100 | 99.94 | 1000 | 66.49 | This work |
| NF245 a | IP | 5.15 | CR | 100 | 99.81 | 1000 | 24.93 | This work |
| DEA-PA | IP | 17 | CR | 100 | 99.6 | 500 | 50.6 | [7] |
| NFM-PIL | MMM | ~15 | RR | 500 | 85 | 1000 | 7 | [42] |
| NF-B c | UV | 9 | SO | - | 99.98 | - | 75 | [23] |
| TiO2@PES | IP | 18.1 | CR | 100 | 98 | - | - | [34] |
| PEI-GA | Condensation b | 25.5 | CR | 100 | 97.1 | 1000 | ~10 | [43] |
CR: Congo red; RR: Reactive Red 49; SO: Safranin O. a Commercial TFC NF membrane manufactured by Dupont water solution. b Condensation reaction. c UV grafting diallyldimethylammonium chloride. d PVDF-PAA represent the PVDF-PAA-5-5 in this study.