Table 1.
General data obtained by analyzing the studies included in this literature review.
| Source | Country | Full Autopsy (Number and Sex) | Molecular Analysis | Comorbidities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ackermann et al. [33] | Europe (Germany) | 7 (2F; 5M) | NR | Hypertension (2F, 5M); Diabetes, type II (3M); Immunosuppression (1M) |
| Aguiar et al. [34] | Europe (Switzerland) | 1 (F) | RT-PCR | Morbid obesity |
| Barton et al. [35] | USA (OK) | 2 (M) | RT-PCR | Hypertension (1); Deep vein thrombosis (1); Remote pancreatitis (1); Osteoarthritis (1); Myotonic muscular dystrophy (1) |
| Bradley et al. [20] | USA (WA) | 14 (8F; 6M) | RT-PCR | Type 2 diabetes (4F, 2M); Hypertension (5F, 5M); Obstructive sleep apnea (1F, 3M); Obesity(3F, 2M); Cardiovascular diseases (4F, 2M); Chronic kidney disease (4F, 3M); Traumatic brain injury (1M); Frontotemporal dementia (1M); Congestive heart failure (3F, 1M); Hypothyroidism (1F); Osteoporosis (2F); Deep vein thrombosis(1F); Breast cancer (2F) |
| Bryce et al. [19] | USA (NY) | 67 (not available) | RT-PCR | Hypertension (42); Diabetes mellitus (27); Cardiovascular diseases (40); Chronic kidney disease (18); Asthma (12); Obesity (8); Co-infections (7); Cancer (5); Transplantation (5); Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (4). |
| Buja et al. [11] | USA (TX) | 3 (3M) | RT-PCR | Obesity (2M); Hypertension (1M); Heart failure (1M); Type II diabetes mellitus (1M); Microcytic anemia (1M) |
| Carsana et al. [18] | Europe (Italy) | 38 (5F; 33M) | RT-PCR | data were available for 31 patients: Diabetes (9); Hypertension (18); Past malignancies (4); Cardiovascular disorders (11); COPD (3) |
| Cipolloni et al. [36] | Europe (Italy) | 2 (2M) | RT-PCR | Data were not available (1M); nil (1M) |
| Edler et al. [10] | Europe (Germany) | 80 (34F; 46M) | RT-PCR | Cardiovascular diseases (68); Lung diseases (44); Kidney diseases (27); Central nervous system (CNS) diseases (28); Diabetes mellitus (17); Carcinomas/hematological diseases (13); 2 F: nil. |
| Farkash et al. [37] | USA (MI) | 1 (M) | RT-PCR | Obesity; Hyperlipidemia |
| Fox et al. [38] | USA (LA) | 10 (not available) | RT-PCR | Hypertension (7), Type II diabetes mellitus (5); chronic kidney disease (1); Thyroidectomy (1); Rheumatoid arthritis (1); Polymyositis (1); Atrial fibrillation (1); End-stage renal disease (1); Not available (1) |
| Grosse et al. [39] | Europe (Austria) | 14 (5F; 9M) | RT-PCR | Heart disease (5F; 9M); Hypertension (3F; 5M); Renal disease (4F; 2M); Neurologic disease (4F; 3M); Diabetes mellitus (2F; 2M); Malignancy (2M); Respiratory disease (5M); Chronic gastritis (3F; 3M); Liver cirrhosis/fibrosis (1M). |
| Iuga et al. [40] | USA (NY) | 5 (1F; 4M) | NR | Hypertension (5); Diabetes (3); Ischemic cardiomyopathy (3); Chronic lung disease (2); Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1); Interstitial lung disease (1); Prostate carcinoma (2); recent spinal surgery (1). |
| Konopka et al. [41] | USA (MI) | 1 | NR | Asthma; Diabetes mellitus |
| Lacy et al. [42] | USA (MI) | 1 | RT-PCR | Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Mild intermittent asthma |
| Lax et al. [43] | Europe (Austria) | 11 (not available) | RT-PCR | Obesity (2); Hypertension (9); Type 2 diabetes mellitus (5); Cerebrovascular disease (4); Dementia (4); COPD (1); Coronary heart disease(1); History of malignant disease (1); Pulmonary embolism (1) |
| Menter et al. [44] | Europe (Switzerland) | 21 (4F; 17M) | RT-PCR | Hypertension (21); Cardiovascular disease (15); Obesity (19); Diabetes mellitus (7); Chronic neurological condition (5); COPD (3); Malignancy (3); Chronic liver disease (2); Chronic kidney disease (4); Acquired immunosuppression (1) |
| Okudela et al. [45] | Japan | 1 (F) | RT-PCR | not available |
| Paniz Mondolfi et al. [46] | USA (NY) | 1 (M) | RT-PCR | Parkinson’s disease |
| Reichard et al. [47] | USA (MN) | 1 (M) | RT-PCR | Atherosclerosis |
| Remmelink et al. [48] | Europe (Belgium) | 17 (5F; 12M) | RT-PCR | Hypertension (6F; 4M); Chronic renal failure (2F; 1M); Liver cirrhosis (2F; 1M); Coronary artery disease (2F; 2M); Cerebrovascular disease (2F; 2M); Diabetes (4F; 6M); COPD (2M); Cancer (1F; 3M); Nil (2) |
| Santoriello et al. [49] | USA (NY) | 42 (13F; 29M) | NR | Hypertension (30); Diabetes mellitus (17); Coronary artery disease or Cerebrovascular accident (13); Immunosuppression (2); Chronic Kidney diseases (8); Obesity (10); |
| Schaller et al. [50] | Europe (Germany) | 12 (5F; 7M) | RT-PCR | Immunosuppression (2); Hypertension (7); COPD (2); Chronic Kidney diseases (3); Obesity (2); Cardiovascular diseases (5); Adenocarcinoma of the lung (1); Dementia (1) |
| Su et al. [51] | China | 26 (7F; 19M) | NR | Lung cancer (1M; 1F); Pancreas cancer (1M); Gastric cancer (1M); Liver cancer (1M); Skin Cancer (1M); Diabetes mellitus (2M; 1F); Hypertension (7M; 4F); Chronic kidney diseases (1M; 1F); Nil: 4 (2M; 2F); not available 6 (5M; 1F); |
| Suess et al. [52] | Europe (Germany) | 1 (M) | RT-PCR | Hypertension; Diabetes mellitus; |
| Tombolini et al. [53] | Europe (Italy) | 2 (F) | RT-PCR | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (1); Diabetes mellitus (1); Nil (1) |
| Varga et al. [54] | Europe (Switzerland) | 3 (1F; 2M) | NR | Coronary artery disease (1M); Hypertension (1F; 2M); Diabetes (1F); Obesity (1F). |
| Wang et al. [55] | China | 2 (1F; 1M) | RT-PCR | Type 2 diabetes (F); Hypertension (F); Nil (M) |
| Wichmann et al. [56] | Europe (Germany) | 12 (3F; 9M) | RT-PCR | Obesity (3M); Parkinson disease (2M); Chronic kidney diseases (1M; 1F); Hypertension (3M); Diabetes mellitus (3M); Asthma (2M); Dementia (1F); Epilepsy (1F); Trisomy 21 (1F); Cardiovascular diseases (6M; 3F); Lung cancer (1F); COPD (1F) |
| Youd et al. [57] | Europe (UK) | 9 (5F; 4M) | RT-PCR | Diabetes (3F; 1M); Hypertension (2F; 2M); COPD (1F; 3M); Asthma (1F); Cardiovascular diseases (3M; 1F); Dementia (1F; 1M); Parkinson’s disease (1M); HIV (1M) |