TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Treatment, and Association With Survival in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
| Variable | All n = 247 | Survivors (n = 136) | Nonsurvivors (n = 111) | Simple Cox—p | Multiple Cox—Adjusted p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Median (Q1–Q3) | n Missing | n (%) or Median (Q1–Q3) | n (%) or Median (Q1–Q3) | |||
| Male sex | 172 (69.6) | — | 95 (69.9) | 77 (69.4) | 0.92 | — |
| Age (yr) | 65 (57–72) | — | 63 (55–69) | 69 (60–77) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 (26–33) | 14 | 29 (26–33) | 30 (26–33) | 0.88 | — |
| Tobacco | 21 (8.5) | 1 | 8 (5.9) | 13 (11.7) | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 26 (10.5) | — | 8 (5.9) | 18 (16.2) | 0.0007 | 0.71 |
| Diabetes | 88 (35.8) | 1 | 48 (35.6) | 40 (36.0) | 0.98 | — |
| Hypertension | 141 (57.1) | — | 77 (56.6) | 64 (57.7) | 0.71 | — |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 32 (13.0) | — | 13 (9.6) | 19 (17.1) | 0.09 | 0.63 |
| Cancer | 11 (6.1) | 66 | 5 (5.3) | 6 (7.0) | 0.74 | — |
| Immunodeficiency | 16 (6.5) | — | 6 (4.4) | 10 (9.0) | 0.22 | — |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score | 6 (4–8) | — | 5 (3–7) | 7 (5–9) | < 0.0001 | 0.27 |
| Pao2 (mm Hg) | 74 (62–90) | 25 | 72 (62–90) | 75 (64–91) | 0.95 | — |
| Fio2 (%) | 80 (60–90) | 17 | 78 (60–90) | 80 (65–100) | 0.09 | 0.19 |
| Pao2/Fio2 | 103 (82–132) | 25 | 108 (83–140) | 96 (79–128) | 0.83 | — |
| Platelet count (103/mm3) | 207 (156–290) | — | 209 (160–285) | 207 (155–293) | 0.79 | — |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.64 (0.49–0.94) | 1 | 0.67 (0.50–0.97) | 0.60 (0.42–0.93) | 0.42 | — |
| Glasgow Coma Scale = 15 | 185 (77.4) | 8 | 109 (82.6) | 76 (71.0) | 0.05 | 0.49 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.78–1.37) | 1 | 0.91 (0.71–1.21) | 1.20 (0.88–1.73) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean arterial pressure < 70 mm Hg | 89 (36.0) | — | 37 (27.2) | 52 (46.8) | 0.0004 | 0.01 |
| Norepinephrine use | 128 (51.8) | — | 58 (42.6) | 70 (63.1) | 0.0021 | 0.41 |
| Urine output (mL/d) | 1 | < 0.0001 | 0.25 | |||
| ≥ 500 | 226 (91.9) | 132 (97.1) | 94 (85.5) | |||
| 200–500 | 11 (4.5) | 4 (2.9) | 7 (6.4) | |||
| ≤ 200 | 9 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (8.2) | |||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 175 (108–258) | — | 172 (107–243) | 179 (109–261) | 0.33 | — |
| d-dimer (ng/mL)a | 1,500 (868–3,832) | 84 | 1,305 (843–3,190) | 1,938 (990–4,000) | 0.13 | — |
| Lymphocyte count (103/mm3)a | 0.80 (0.55–1.05) | 2 | 0.84 (0.60–1.10) | 0.75 (0.51–1.02) | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Ferritin (µg/L)a | 1,185 (582–3,053) | 163 | 1,281 (578–2,790) | 1,041 (587–3,196) | 0.43 | — |
| Hydroxychloroquine use | 225 (91.1) | — | 128 (94.1) | 97 (87.4) | 0.02 | 0.46 |
| Azithromycin use | 107 (43.3) | — | 59 (43.4) | 48 (43.2) | 0.82 | — |
| Corticosteroid use | 58 (23.5) | — | 38 (27.9) | 20 (18.0) | 0.05 | 0.01 |
aCox model on log-transformed values.