. 2020 Oct 23;13(11):335. doi: 10.3390/ph13110335

Table 1.

Example of polymeric nanoparticles formulation by complexation method.

Alginate Concentration (% w/v)	Components	Drug	Aims	Mass Ratio	pH	Mean Particle Size (nm)	Polydispersity Index (%)	Zeta Potential (mV)	Encapsulation Efficiency (%)	Drug Release	Reference
-	CaCl₂% w/v	Doxorubicin	Site-targeting and controlled release	-	-			-		-	[84]
0.04	0.39					350	0.481		65.0
0.05	0.39					479	0.139		68.0
0.06	0.39					490	0.273		71.0
0.08	0.19					3997	1		77.0
0.10	0.19					6638	1		84.0
0.30	CaCl₂ 0.10% w/v Span 80 Iron (1%)	Ferrous sulphate	To protect ferrous from oxidation oral iron therapy	-	~5.0	20 ± 6	-	−38.0 ± 4	95.0 ± 4	20% at pH 2.0 for 100 h 65% at pH 6.0 for 100 h 70% at pH 7.4 for 100 h	[85]
0.10	Chitosan (Cs) 0.08% w/v	Crocin	To improve bioavailability, anticancer, and antioxidant activity	-	4.70	236	0.476	-	38.16	30% at pH 1.2 for 48 h 50% at 6.8 for 48 h	[86]
0.50	CaCl₂ 2% w/v	Exemestane	To reduce and control the release of exemestane	-	-	197	-	−18.3	98.0	Maximum release within 7 h at pH 7.4	[87]
0.06	CaCl₂ 0.05% w/v Tween 80	Curcumin and resveratrol	Site-targeting	-	-	12.53 ± 1.06	-	−22.0 ± 2.17	49.30 ± 4.3	Curcumin 16.35 ± 3.8% for 24 h	[88]
0.06	CaCl₂ 0.05% w/v Tween 80	Curcumin and resveratrol	Site-targeting	-	-	60.23 ± 15	-	−22.0 ± 2.17	70.99 ± 6.1	Resveratrol 87 ± 7% for 24 h	[88]
0.30	Chitosan 0.08% w/v CaCl₂	Doxorubicin	Site-targeting and controlled release	Alg:Cs 10:1	Alginate (Alg) 5.30	~300	0.2	−22.5 to −25.0	~97	52% at pH 5.5 for 6 h 35% at pH 7.4 for 6 h	[89]
0.30	Chitosan 0.08% w/v CaCl₂	Doxorubicin	Site-targeting and controlled release	Alg:Cs 10:1	Cs 4.50	~300	0.2	−22.5 to −25.0	~97	52% at pH 5.5 for 6 h 35% at pH 7.4 for 6 h	[89]
0.1	CaCl₂ 0.1% w/v Chitosan 0.1% w/v	ε-polylysine (ε-PL)	Evaluating the possibility of Cs/Alg nanoparticles as carriers of ε-polylysine	Alg:Cs 4.93:1	Alg 5.14	Alg-Cs 276.38	0.24	−33.7	53.37	17.5% at pH 6.6 for 2 h 80% at pH 6.6 for 10 h 90% at pH6.6 for 25 h	[90]
0.1	CaCl₂ 0.1% w/v Chitosan 0.1% w/v	ε-polylysine (ε-PL)		Alg:ε-PL 100:8.55	-	ε-PL-Alg-Cs 372.05	0.29	−30.3	53.37		[90]
-	Polyurethane-alginate (PU:Alg) CaCl₂ 0.5% w/v Chitosan 1% w/v	Insulin	Enhancing potential of oral insulin delivery	PU:Alg 7:3	5.10	90–110	-	+38.5	90.0	15% at pH 1.2 for 2 h 50% at pH 6.8 for 10 h 100% at pH 7.4 for 20 h	[91]

PDI: polydispersity index; EE: encapsulation efficiency; Alg: alginate; Cs: chitosan; ε-PL: ε-polylysine; PU: polyurethane; SGF: simulated gastric fluid; SIF: simulated intestinal fluid; Ref: reference.