Table 8.
Summary of characterization and formulation/processing factors that influence the formation and properties of alginate nanoparticles.
| Preparation Method | Nanoparticles Size Range (nm) | Polydispersity Index | Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | Formulation and Processing Factors | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complexation | 20 ± 6 nm to 372.05 nm | 0.2 to 0.476 | 38.16% to 98.0% | Alginate concentration CaCl2 concentration pH value Alginate: chitosan mass ratio |
[85,86,87,89,90] |
| Emulsification/gelation | 39.2 nm to 407.67 ± 19.18 nm | 0.204 to 0.42 ± 0.15 | 81.70 ± 6.64% to 92.2% | Alginate concentration Type/concentration of surfactant/cosurfactant CaCl2 concentration Stirring time |
[69,70,77,148] |
| Spray dryer | 350 nm to 670 nm | 0.54 to 0.74 | 44.4% to 80% | Alginate concentration Air flow rate Solution feed rate Inlet temperature Outlet temperature Nozzle spray mesh size |
[41,101,102] |
| Electrospray | 112.1 nm to 228 nm | 0.17 to 0.43 | ~99% | Alginate concentration CaCl2 concentration Nozzle size Flow rate Distance between needle tip and collector Applied voltage |
[46,115] |
| Electrospinning | 62 nm to 300 nm | - | - | Alginate concentration Nozzle size Flow rate Distance Applied voltage |
[126,127] |