Table 4.

Changes in indices from baseline to end of intervention for both groups.

	Active			Placebo			p c
	Baseline	12Months	p a	Baseline	12Months	p b
HbA1c (%)	7.14 ± 1.14	6.91 ± 0.79	0.120	6.84 ± 0.83	6.88 ± 0.75	0.81	0.486
HbA1c (mmol/L)	54.6 ± 12.5	51.4 ± 9.1	0.120	52.12 ± 8.67	51.75 ± 8.19	0.806	0.486
B12 (pg/mL)	262.94 ± 106.6	335.42 ± 107.59	0.000	293.47 ± 125.6	305.1 ± 145.2	0.57	0.018
MNSIQ	6.76 ± 1.66	6.16 ± 1.7	0.000	6.16 ± 2.35	6.35 ± 2.26	0.06	<0.001
MNSIE	4.26 ± 3.01	4.06 ± 2.49	0.161	3.75 ± 2.5	3.86 ± 2.4	0.16	0.063
QL	39.83 ± 10.82	36.2 ± 9.8	0.000	38.1 ± 10.5	38.8 ± 9.7	0.21	<0.001
SNAP (IV)	5.62 ± 5.79	7.55 ± 6.58	0.031	6.93 ± 6.19	6.56 ± 6.27	0.70	0.065
SNCV (m/s)	30.8 ± 23.5	39.4 ± 22.8	0.027	38 ± 21.67	38.9 ± 21.4	0.87	0.031
BIO (V)	33.7 ± 11.6	23.3 ± 11.5	0.000	29.8 ± 11.9	28.5 ± 11.5	0.78	<0.001
MCR	17 ± 19.6	16.4 ± 13.9	0.630	19.3 ± 22.4	12.5 ± 19.1	0.01	0.220
PI	3.2 ± 1.5	3.4 ± 1.2	0.330	2.75 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.1	0.18	0.494
PO (mm/Hg)	10.5 ± 8.9	8,7 ± 7.3	0.001	10.3 ± 10.3	12.9 ± 9.8	0.06	<0.001
Valsalva	1.50 ± 0.29	1.55 ± 0.34	0.110	1.53 ± 0.24	1.49 ± 0.29	0.220	0.393
PAIN	19.5 ± 7.8	17.4 ± 7	0.000	16.6 ± 8.7	17.7 ± 9.4	0.00	<0.001

^a for difference in active group, ^b for difference in placebo group, ^c for difference between groups. Abbreviations: HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), MNSIQ (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire), MNSIE (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Examination), QL (Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire), SNAP (sural nerve action potential (amplitude) in right foot), SNCV (sural sensory nerve conduction velocity in right foot), BIO (Biothesiometer), MCR (Mean Circular Resultant), PI (Postural Index), Postural hypotension PO (orthostatic hypotension), PAIN(Pain Score Questionnaire).