Table 1.
Morphological by Image analysis and yield traits on durum wheat grains, and ash on wholemeal recorded in three environments.
| Genotype (G) |
Environment (E) |
Length (mm) |
Width (mm) |
Thickness (mm) |
Area (mm2) |
TKW (g) |
TW (kg/hL) |
GY (t/ha) |
Ash (%) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cappelli | Palermo | 7.55 ± 0.01 | 3.36 ± 0.01 | 3.05 ± 0.04 | 16.46 ± 0.03 | 48.23 ± 0.01 | 80.50 ± 1.27 | 3.63 ± 0.13 | 2.30 ± 0.04 | ||||||||
| Agrigento | 7.32 ± 0.01 | 3.37 ± 0.01 | 3.09 ± 0.01 | 16.44 ± 0.01 | 50.33 ± 0.01 | 80.25 ± 1.27 | 3.32 ± 0.66 | 2.00 ± 0.10 | |||||||||
| Foggia | 7.33 ± 0.01 | 3.49 ± 0.02 | 3.16 ± 0.01 | 17.35 ± 0.01 | 54.00 ± 0.28 | 79.40 ± 0.78 | 2.98 ± 0.27 | 2.10 ± 0.01 | |||||||||
| Mean Cappelli | 7.40 | 3.41 | 3.10 | 16.75 | 50.85 | 80.05 | 3.31 | 2.13 | |||||||||
| Russello | Palermo | 7.01 ± 0.06 | 3.20 ± 0.01 | 2.94 ± 0.01 | 16.24 ± 1.28 | 40.63 ± 0.04 | 81.16 ± 1.05 | 3.08 ± 0.25 | 2.09 ± 0.01 | ||||||||
| Agrigento | 7.19 ± 0.03 | 3.24 ± 0.02 | 2.99 ± 0.01 | 15.96 ± 0.71 | 42.44 ± 0.62 | 80.73 ± 1.31 | 3.21 ± 0.60 | 2.13 ± 0.05 | |||||||||
| Foggia | 7.04 ± 0.09 | 3.22 ± 0.04 | 2.96 ± 0.01 | 16.19 ± 1.34 | 43.69 ± 0.26 | 76.98 ± 0.39 | 2.78 ± 0.09 | 2.03 ± 0.01 | |||||||||
| Mean Russello | 7.08 | 3.22 | 2.96 | 16.13 | 42.25 | 79.62 | 3.02 | 2.08 | |||||||||
| Timilia | Palermo | 6.88 ± 0.11 | 3.14 ± 0.06 | 2.90 ± 0.01 | 16.54 ± 0.30 | 37.48 ± 0.04 | 79.85 ± 0.92 | 3.42 ± 0.08 | 2.21 ± 0.03 | ||||||||
| Agrigento | 6.79 ± 0.01 | 3.20 ± 0.01 | 2.91 ± 0.01 | 14.26 ± 0.01 | 39.97 ± 0.03 | 76.95 ± 1.27 | 2.98 ± 0.08 | 2.01 ± 0.06 | |||||||||
| Foggia | 6.69 ± 0.01 | 3.18 ± 0.01 | 2.85 ± 0.01 | 16.54 ± 0.71 | 40.46 ± 0.06 | 77.45 ± 0.21 | 2.72 ± 0.24 | 1.90 ± 0.14 | |||||||||
| Mean Timilia | 6.79 | 3.17 | 2.89 | 15.78 | 39.30 | 78.08 | 3.04 | 2.04 | |||||||||
| Perciasacchi | Palermo | 7.47 ± 0.06 | 3.23 ± 0.01 | 3.12 ± 0.03 | 19.27 ± 0.54 | 62.55 ± 0.06 | 78.75 ± 0.42 | 3.15 ± 0.57 | 2.03 ± 0.01 | ||||||||
| Agrigento | 7.03 ± 0.01 | 3.27 ± 0.03 | 3.10 ± 0.01 | 19.33 ± 0.18 | 64.38 ± 0.18 | 77.93 ± 0.25 | 2.27 ± 0.39 | 2.05 ± 0.01 | |||||||||
| Foggia | 7.04 ± 0.04 | 3.21 ± 0.01 | 3.12 ± 0.01 | 17.74 ± 0.14 | 63.07 ± 0.04 | 79.53 ± 0.67 | 2.53 ± 0.21 | 2.03 ± 0.04 | |||||||||
| Mean Perciasacchi | 7.18 | 3.24 | 3.11 | 18.78 | 63.33 | 78.74 | 2.65 | 2.04 | |||||||||
| Mean Palermo | 7.22 | 3.23 | 3.00 | 17.13 | 47.22 | 80.07 | 3.32 | 2.16 | |||||||||
| Mean Agrigento | 7.08 | 3.27 | 3.02 | 16.50 | 49.28 | 78.97 | 2.95 | 2.05 | |||||||||
| Mean Foggia | 7.02 | 3.28 | 3.02 | 16.96 | 50.31 | 78.34 | 2.75 | 2.02 | |||||||||
| Analysis of variance | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | |
| G | 163.3 | *** | 89.9 | *** | 342.2 | *** | 26.5 | *** | 14343.9 | *** | 5.6 | * | 3.4 | ns | 3.5 | * | |
| E | 36.4 | *** | 6.0 | * | 5.9 | * | 2.1 | ns | 406.2 | *** | 7.3 | ** | 5.2 | * | 13.5 | *** | |
| G × E | 15.1 | *** | 5.0 | * | 14.0 | *** | 3.9 | * | 61.4 | *** | 4.5 | * | 0.8 | ns | 5.6 | ** | |
Data are represented as mean ±standard deviation. G, E and G × E are measured at p < 1%; ns, not significant; *, ** and *** represents significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively. TKW: Thousand kernel weight; TW: Test weight; GY: Grain yield.