Table 3.
Clinical trials of the TGF-β pathway inhibitors for cancer treatment.
| Drug | Function | Treatment | Trial No. | Year | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belagenpumatucel-L | TGF-β2 inhibitor | NSCLC | NCT01058785 | 2003 | US |
| Trabedersen | TGF-β2 inhibitor | Pancreatic neoplasm | NCT00844064 | 2005 | Germany |
| Colorectal neoplasm | |||||
| Melanoma | |||||
| PF-03446962 | ALK1 inhibitor | Solid tumour | NCT00557856 | 2007 | US |
| Italy | |||||
| Korea | |||||
| Fresolimumab | TGF-β inhibitor | Glioblastoma | NCT01472731 | 2011 | Netherlands |
| NSCLC | NCT02581787 | 2016 | US | ||
| Vactosertib | TGFBR1 inhibitor | Solid tumour | NCT02160106 | 2014 | US |
| Galunisertib | ALK5 inhibitor | Solid tumour | NCT02423343 | 2015 | US |
| Prostate cancer | NCT02452008 | 2016 | |||
| Rectal cancer | NCT02688712 | 2016 | |||
| LY3200882 | TGFBR1 inhibitor | Solid tumour | NCT02937272 | 2016 | US |
| CRC | NCT04031872 | 2020 | Europe | ||
| Bintrafusp alfa | TGF-β trap | Breast cancer | NCT03620201 | 2018 | US, Australia |
| HPV-associated cancer | NCT04432597 | 2020 | |||
| HNSCC | NCT04247282 | 2020 | |||
| ESCC | NCT04481256 | 2020 | |||
| NSCLC | NCT04297748 | 2020 | |||
| AVID200 | TGF-β1/3 inhibitor | Solid tumour | NCT03834662 | 2019 | US |
| Canada | |||||
| GS-1423 | TGF-β trap | Solid tumour | NCT03954704 | 2019 | US |
| SH3051 | ALK5 inhibitor | Solid tumour | NCT04423380 | 2020 | China |
| BCA101 | TGF-β trap | Solid tumour | NCT04429542 | 2020 | US |
| Canada | |||||
| SHR1701 | TGF-β trap | Solid tumour | NCT04407741 | 2020 | China |
| Lymphoma |