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. 2020 Oct 23;9(11):1419. doi: 10.3390/plants9111419

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Changes in prompt fluorescence (PF) curves in exogenously-treated and endogenous ALA-overproducing canola leaves under low- (a,d), middle- (b,e), and high-N conditions (c,f). (a–c) PF curves plotted on a logarithmic time scale from 20 μs to 1 s (JIP time). The steps O (at 20 µs), J (at 2 ms), I (at 30 ms), and P (peak) are marked. Each curve is the average of 10 replicate measurements. (d–f) Variable fluorescence curves (ΔV = Δ[(F_t − F_o)/(F_m − F_o)]), which were constructed by subtracting the normalized (between the O step and P step) values of the PF recorded in wild-type (WT) canola. The feature peaks ΔK, ΔJ, and ΔI are marked.