The effect of metabolites 1–3 on the expression of metabolic genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages following 12, 24 h and 48 h incubation with the indicated disulfide. (A) Glut 1, (B) Glut 3 and (C) Pgc1a expression was measured using real time PCR. All treatments have been compared to carbowax 400 0.1% v/v + 0.01% ethanol treated cells in each timepoint indicated. Disulfide concentration used for 1 and 2 treatments was 15.62 μΜ and for 3 it was 31.25 μΜ. Statistical analysis was carried out using a Mann–Whitney unpaired t-test in Graphpad Prism 7.0, and the graphs represent mean ± SEM (* indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, *** indicates p < 0.001 compared to carbowax 12 h, # indicates p < 0.05, ## indicates p < 0.01, ### indicates p < 0.001 compared to carbowax 24 h, ● indicates p < 0.05, ●● indicates p < 0.01, ●●● indicates p < 0.001 compared to carbowax 48 h).