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. 2020 Oct 23;9(11):1040. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111040

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA) induce nitrite release and proinflammatory cytokines in primary hepatocytes. The cells were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) and PA (250 μM) for 24 h. Following incubation, the cell supernatant was collected and used for analysis. (A) The release of nitrite was measured by Griess reagent. The absorbance was read using a microplate reader at 540 nm. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 6). (B–D) The level of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 secretions was evaluated with an ELISA kit. The absorbance was read using the microplate reader at 450 nm and the optical density was calculated as described by the manufacturer’s protocols. The data are the average of three independent experiments. The results are represented by a mean ± SD (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with un-treated cells. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 compared with LPS-treated cells. PA, palmitic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.