Table 1.
Study group characteristics.
| Study Group Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| N | 819 |
| Age | 42.1 (14.5) |
| Female/male (%) | 52.5/47.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 (6.6) |
| <25.0 | 273 (33.9%) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 278 (34.5%) |
| ≥30.0 | 255 (31.6%) |
| Total body fat content (kg) | 27.1 (13.8) |
| Total body fat content (%) | 31.4 (9.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.2 (17.2) |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 103.3 (12.7) |
| WHR | 0.928 (0.088) |
| Visceral fat (cm3) | 108.4 (80.6) |
| Visceral fat (%) | 37.1 (12.1) |
| Subcutaneous fat (cm3) | 167.9 (81.7) |
| Subcutaneous fat (%) | 62.8 (12.3) |
| Visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio | 0.669 (0.443) |
| Total cholesterol | 195.4 (46.1) |
| HDL | 59.7 (14.9) |
| LDL | 112.0 (40.0) |
| TG | 118.8 (95.1) |
| Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL) | 98.8 (23.9) |
| History of prediabetes or diabetes | |
| Yes | 411 (50.2%) |
| No | 408 (49.8%) |
| Dietary assessment (n) | 490 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal) | 1792.5 (697.4) |
| Daily energy from protein (%) | 18.9 (4.8) |
| Daily energy from fat (%) | 31.2 (7.5) |
| Daily energy from carbohydrates (%) | 47.6 (8.6) |
| Daily physical activity level | |
| Low | 60 (7.3%) |
| Moderate | 173 (21.1%) |
| High | 586 (71.6%) |
Data presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; WHR, waist–hip ratio.