Table 1.

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and therapeutic approaches.

Cancers	Subtypes	Clusters	IHC/Flow Cytometry	scRNA-seq	Functions	Ref.	Preclinical/Clinical Trials
							Not Specific	Probably Specific
Breast/PDAC	CAF-1		FSP1, VEGF, TNC		Angiogenesis, Metastasis	[54,55,56,57]	αFAP therapy, CD105 mAb, Dasatinib, miRNAs therapy, Scriptaid, Ruxolitinib, Losartan, Nab-paclitaxel, AMD3100, Galunisertib
	CAF-2		αSMA, NG2, PDGFRβ		Physical Barrier, Immunosuppression			Dasatinib
OSCC	CAF-N		HA, MMP		Invasion, Immunosuppression	[58,59]		Losartan, Nab-paclitaxel
	CAF-D		TGF-β		Migration			Galunisertib
Colorectal	CAF-A			MMP2, αFAP, COL1A2		[60]		αFAP therapy, Losartan, Nab-paclitaxel
	CAF-B			αSMA, PDGFA, TAGLN
PDAC	rCAFs		PDPN, meflin		Anti-tumorigenic	[61,62]
	myCAFs (pCAFs)		PDPN, αSMA	αSMA, TAGLN, TPM1, TPM2, POSTN	Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Metastasis	[63,64,65,66]		Galunisertib, Losartan, Nab-paclitaxel
		LRRC15	PDPN, αSMA, LRRC15		Chemoresistance	[66]
	iCAFs (pCAFs)		PDPN, IL-6, LIF, IL-11	IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL12, CFD, LMN, DPT	Metastasis, Angiogenesis, Immunosuppression	[63,64,65,66]		Ruxolitinib
	apCAFs (pCAFs)		PDPN, COL1A2	H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, CD74	Immunosuppression	[64,67]
Breast	CAF-S1	ecm-myCAF	CD29, αFAP, PDGFRβ, FSP1, αSMA, cav1	LRRC15, GBJ2	Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Metastasis, Immunosuppression	[68,69,70,71]		αFAP therapy (CAF-S1), Dasatinib (CAF-S1), Galunisertib (myCAF), Ruxolitinib (iCAF)
		detox-iCAF		ADH1B, GPX3
		IL-iCAF		RGMA, SCARA5
		TGFβ-myCAF		CST1, TGFβ1
		wound-myCAF		SEMA3C, SFRP4
		IFNγ-iCAF		CCL19, CCL5
		IFNαβ-myCAF		IFIT3, IRF
		acto-myCAF		GGH, PLP2
	CAF-S2
	CAF-S3		CD29, FSP1, PDGFRβ					Dasatinib
	CAF-S4		CD29, FSP1, PDGFRβ, αSMA		Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Metastasis			Dasatinib
	CD10/GPR77		CD10, GPR77		Proliferation, Migration, Chemoresistance	[72]
	vCAFs			Cdh5, Pecam1, CD34, Notch3, Nr2f2, Epas1	Angiogenesis	[73]
	dCAFs			MFAP5, Scgr1, Sox9, Sox10
	mCAFs			Dcn, Lum, Fbln1, Smoc, Lox, Loxl1