| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| CCK-8 | Cell Counting Kit 8 |
| CD | circular dichroism |
| CDK | cyclin-dependent kinase |
| DBU | 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene |
| DDQ | 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’ Medium |
| DMF | N, N-dimethylformamide |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| EA | ethyl acetate |
| ECD | electronic circular dichroism |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| HRMS | high resolution mass spectrometry |
| IC50 50% | percentage inhibition concentration |
| IR | insulin resistant |
| MS | mass spectrometry |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| PE | petroleum ether |
| pNPP | p-nitrophenyl phosphate |
| PTP1B | protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B |
| Ros | rosiglitazone |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TEMPO | 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl |
| THP | tetrahydropyran |
| TLC | thin layer chromatography |
| TMCS | trimethyl chlorosilane |
| TMS | tetramethylsilane |
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