Table 4. Associations between glycated hemoglobin values, sociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables and Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults scores detected using simple and forced-entry hierarchical multivariate linear regression models.
| Characteristics | No adjustment * | Model 1 † R2=0.029 | Model 2 † R2=0.122 | Model 3 † R2=0.140 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | p value | beta | p value | beta | p value | beta | p value | |
| Age, years | -0.034 | 0.057 | -0.043 | 0.022 | -0.040 | 0.053 | -0.500 | 0.018 |
| Female versus male sex | 0.017 | 0.939 | -0.025 | 0.913 | -0.183 | 0.441 | -0.189 | 0.421 |
| White versus other races | 0.035 | 0.876 | 0.237 | 0.303 | 0.174 | 0.440 | 0.294 | 0.204 |
| Manual versus not manual labor | 0.381 | 0.076 | 0.492 | 0.028 | 0.231 | 0.335 | 0.120 | 0.621 |
| Social support according to MOS score | -0.005 | 0.418 | 0.006 | 0.394 | -0.009 | 0.197 | ||
| Disease duration, years | 0.013 | 0.302 | 0.017 | 0.226 | 0.018 | 0.204 | ||
| Diabetes knowledge according to SKILLD | -0.070 | 0.248 | 0.129 | 0.061 | -0.111 | 0.108 | ||
| MRCI | 0.027 | <0.001 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.024 | 0.001 | ||
| Adherence to diabetes medication | -0.74 | 0.746 | 0.009 | 0.967 | 0.004 | 0.986 | ||
| Symptoms of depression according to GDS 15 >5 depressed versus not depressed | 0.585 | 0.016 | 0.173 | 0.546 | 0.029 | 0.922 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2‡ | 0.049 | 0.015 | 0.030 | 0.146 | 0.024 | 0.241 | ||
| SAHLPA | -0.034 | 0.120 | -0.052 | 0,044 | ||||
Univariate regression;
hierarchical multiple linear regression using HbA1c value as the dependent variable;
6 missing data.
Model 1: p=0.067; model 2: p=0.001; model 3: p=0.001. Model 1: adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race and labor); model 2: adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables (MOS, disease duration, diabetes knowledge, medication regimen complexity index, adherence to diabetes medication, symptoms of depression and BMI); model 3: adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables and SAHLPA.
MOS: Medical Outcomes Study; SKILLD: Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Patients with Diabetes ; MRCI: Medication Regimen Complexity Index; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale ; BMI: body mass index; SAHLPA: Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults.