Table 2.

Relationship between dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor therapy and in-hospital mortality during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

References	Country	Type of study	n/N	OR or HR (95% CI)
Chen et al. [48]	China	Retrospective	20/120	1.48 (0.40–5.53), P = 0.56
Cariou et al. [49]	France	Observational cohort	285/1317	0.85 (0.55–1.32), P = NR
Fadini et al. [50]	Italy	Retrospective	9/85	0.80 (11.1% vs 13.9%), P = 0.82
Solerte et al. [53]	Italy	Case–control, retrospective, observational	169/338	0.44 (0.29–0.66), P = 0.0001
Kim et al. [54]	South Korea	Retrospective	85/235	1.47 (0.45–4.78), P = 0.52
Mirani et al. [55]	Italy	Case series	11/90	0.13 (0.02–0.92), P = 0.042

Data are adapted from Mirabelli et al. [4]; n/N, DPP-4 inhibitor users/all type 2 diabetes patients; OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NR, not reported.