Table 2. Distribution of the use of 11 antibiotics in 357 hospital wards.
| Antibiotics | Acronym | Prescription volume in ddd/y (%) | No. of wards (%), n = 357 | Concentration indexa (%), (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amoxicillin | AMX | 141,293 (24.0) | 252 (70.6) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.8) |
| Coamoxiclav | AMC | 78,072 (13.3) | 247 (69.3) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
| First- and second- generation cephalosporins | 1GC/2GC | 12,915 (2.2) | 191 (53.5) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
| Non-antipseudomonal 3GCs, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone | CTX/CRO | 53,406 (9.1) | 259 (72.5) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) |
| Antipseudomonal 3GCs, ceftazidime and cefepime | CTZ/FEP | 29,204 (5.0) | 184 (51.5) | 1.9 (1.8, 1.9) |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | TZP | 27,593 (4.7) | 198 (55.5) | 1.9 (1.7, 1.9) |
| Carbapenems | IPM/MEM | 25,093 (4.3) | 204 (57.1) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) |
| Oxacillin | OXA | 12,374 (2.1) | 143 (40.1) | 3.6 (3.1, 3.7) |
| Vancomycin and teicoplanin | VAN/TEC | 25,376 (4.3) | 206 (57.7) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.5) |
| Fluoroquinolones | FQ | 52,549 (8.9) | 249 (69.7) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.8) |
| Aminoglycosides | AMIN | 12,745 (2.2) | 207 (58.0) | 1.9 (1.5, 1.9) |
| All antibioticsb | - | 589,014 (100) | 308 (86.3) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.8) |
NOTE. aThe concentration index estimates the probability that two antibiotic ddds taken at random were prescribed in the same ward. Here we report the concentration index as a percent (0–100%). bTotal consumption of systemic-use antibiotics (ATC class J01) including those not considered in the 11 specific drug groups. 3GC, 3rd-generation cephalosporin; ddd, defined daily dose.