Purified OMVs display EPS-degrading activities. OMVs were harvested, washed with and resuspended in MV buffer, and added to wells punched into different types of agar. (A) Skim milk agar was used to assess protease activity. (B) Tributyrin agar was used to assess lipase activity. (C) DNase agar was used to assess DNase activity. Error bars represent the standard deviations calculated from three biological replicates. Significance was assessed using Student's two-tailed t tests. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.