FIGURE 1.
Mechanisms and modulators of ferroptosis after ICH. Arrows indicate promotion, blunt- ended lines indicate inhibition, and the drugs in a green box are ferroptosis inhibitors. ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; RBC, red blood cell; Tf, transferrin; TfR, transferrin receptor; AA, arachidonic acid; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PUFAs, plasma membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids; CoQ 10, coenzyme Q10; DFO, deferoxamine; DFP, deferiprone; NTA, nitrilotriacetic acid; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; CQ, clioquinol; CP, ceruloplasmin; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; OH, hydroxyl radical; Fer-1, ferrostatin-1; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; Vit E, vitamin E; Vit C, vitamin C; FSP-1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; Hb, hemoglobin; Lip-1, liproxstatin-1; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; LOX, lipoxygenase; and ROS, reactive oxygen species.