Figure 2.

MMD into Three Basis Materials (Adipose, Muscle, and Bone)

(A) and (B) DL VM reconstructions at 80 and 110 keV, respectively, as the input for MMD; (C), (D), and (E) MMD images from DECT for adipose, muscle, and bone, respectively; (F), (G), and (H) MMD images from our DL approach for adipose, muscle, and bone, respectively; (I), (J), and (K) the profiles along the vertical midlines through the adipose, muscle and bone images, respectively, showing excellent agreement between the DECT and DL results. The adipose tissue is bright only in the adipose image (green arrows), the muscle and kidneys are bright only in the muscle image (blue arrows), and the bone is bright only in the bone image (yellow arrows). However, iodine in the contrast-enhanced abdominal aorta (pink arrows) causes this structure to appear in both the muscle image and (faintly) the bone image. Notably, the calcified plaque in the abdominal aorta (yellow arrowhead) appears in the bone image and is substantially brighter than the blood.