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. 2020 Nov 13;7:588453. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.588453

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Copyright © 2020 Burnham, Zoine, Story, Garimalla, Gibson, Rae, Williams, Bixby, Archer, Doering and Spencer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15+IL-21 on expansion across three independent experiments. (A) The addition of IL-21 (Student's t-test, p = 0.0027) and IL-15+IL-21 (Student's t-test, p = 0.0035) increased γδ T cell percentage by day 12 of NE (n = 7) in comparison to normal expansion conditions. Adding IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15+IL-21 had no effect on the percentage of γδ T cells in culture on day 12 for EX (n = 3) (Student's t-test, p > 0.05). (B) The number of γδ T cells in culture on day 12 for NE was increased with the addition of IL-21 (Student's t-test, p = 0.0427), but not for IL-15 or IL-15+IL-21 (multiple Student's t-tests, p > 0.05). There was no difference in the number of γδ T cells in culture on day 12 for EX under normal expansion conditions or with the addition of IL-15, IL-21, or IL-15+IL-21 (multiple Student's t-tests, p > 0.05). (C) EX had a greater number of γδ T cells on day 12 under normal expansion conditions as compared to NE (Student's t-test, p = 0.002), however there was no difference in the number of γδ T cells in culture on day 12 between NE and EX with the addition of IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15+IL-21 (multiple Student's t-tests, p > 0.05). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005.