Table 3.
Summary of findings.
| Prognostic factor | Mortality | Intensive care unit requirement | Severe COVID-19 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No. of studies (no. of pts) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
I2 (%) | Chi2 |
No. of studies (no. of pts) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
I2 (%) | Chi2 |
No. of studies (no. of pts) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
I2 (%) | Chi2 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 4 (646)† | 1.5 (0.42–5.41) | 0 | 0.54 | 5 (831) | 1.42 (0.56–3.63) | 0 | 0.72 | 10 (2,182) | 1.45 (0.87–2.42) | 0 | 0.7 |
| Liver dysfunction | 2 (145) | 1.13 (0.36–3.58) | 0 | 0.33 | 2 (384) | 1.77 (0.62–5.06) | 0 | 0.98 | 2 (163) | 1.11 (0.36–3.47) | 0 | 0.56 |
| Chronic hepatitis B | 2 (1,864) | 1.18 (0.42–3.34) | 0 | 0.97 | 1 (1,590) | 0.55 (0.07–4.11) | NR | NR | 7 (3,911) | 1,55 (0.85–2.83) | 13 | 0.33 |
| Fatty liver disease | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4 (964) | 3.86 (1.2–12.47)* | 79 | 0 |
| Liver failure | 5 (3,523) | 7.59 (1.84–31.30)* | 91 | 0 | 1 (43) | 1.88 (0.47–7.54) | NR | NR | 4 (1,185) | 3.27 (1.2–8.87)* | 70 | 0.02 |
| Total bilirubin | 1 (975) | 5 (2.48–10.07)* | NR | NR | 2 (395) | 1.66 (0.45–6.06) | 33 | 0.22 | 6 (2,059) | 1.89 (1.35–2.63)* | 0 | 0.57 |
| Platelet count | 5 (3,259) | 5.36 (1.28–22.37)* | 95 | 0 | 5 (628) | 0.95 (0.63–1.44) | 0 | 0.79 | 7 (1,868) | 2.34 (1.53–3.58)* | 46 | 0.09 |
| International normalized ratio | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1 (20) | 5 (0.18–139.17) | NR | NR | 1 (115) | 0.72 (0.31–1.66) | NR | NR |
| Albumin | 3 (944) | 6.32 (1.4–28.6)* | 63 | 0.07 | 3 (744) | 3.79 (2.08–6.93)* | 0 | 0.81 | 4 (1,205) | 3.11 (1.61–6.01)* | 69 | 0.02 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 5 (2,127) | 2.49 (1.75–3.56)* | 10 | 0.35 | 5 (1,190) | 1.56 (1.16–2.11)* | 0 | 0.99 | 8 (1,625) | 1.82 (1.18–2.81)* | 70 | 0 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 4 (1,966) | 5.39 (3.67–7.91)* | 0 | 0.63 | 6 (1,229) | 2.53 (1.92–3.35)* | 0 | 0.48 | 9 (2,780) | 3.34 (2.37–4.71)* | 60 | 0.01 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase | 5 (2,149) | 9.23 (2.56–33.31)* | 85 | 0 | 4 (748) | 7.95 (4.54–13.92)* | 0 | 0.75 | 9 (2,500) | 5.02 (3.41–7.4)* | 66 | 0 |
| C-reactive protein | 4 (1,846) | 9.19 (0.84–100.63) | 77 | 0 | 6 (1,412) | 4.72 (2.59–8.58)* | 35 | 0.17 | 6 (2,253) | f4.52 (3.16–6.49)* | 31 | 0.21 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1 (19) | 0.11 (0–2.73) | NR | NR | 4 (623) | 1.71 (0.66–4.46) | 24 | 0.27 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1 (19) | 1.39 (0.22–8.92) | NR | NR | 3 (635) | 3.03 (1.6–5.72)* | 50 | 0.14 |
CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; I2 and Chi2, heterogeneity; NR, not reported.
*
p < 0.05; one study could not be included in the analysis, because there were no events.