Fig. 3. Deficiency of β-arrestin 2 diminished the antiviral immune response in vivo.

a Ifnb, Isg15, and Ccl5 mRNA levels in the spleens, livers, and lungs of WT and Arrb2^−/− 6-week-old male mice (n = 6 per group) intraperitoneally injected with PBS or HSV-1 (2 × 10⁷ PFU per mouse) for 48 h (***P < 0.0001 in all panels). b The virus titers as in a (***P < 0.0001 in all panels). c VSV (5 × 10⁷ PFU per mouse) infection as in a (***P < 0.0001 in all panels). d The virus titers as in c (***P < 0.0001 in all panels). e, f Microscopy of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained lung and spleen sections as in a or c. g, h Survival of WT and Arrb2^−/− 6-week-old male mice (n = 6 per group) infected intraperitoneally with a high dose of HSV-1 (2 × 10⁸ PFU per mouse) g (*P = 0.0430) or VSV (5 × 10⁸ PFU per mouse) h (*P = 0.0411) and monitored for 15 days. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments (mean ± SEM, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test in a–d or Kaplan–Meier analysis in g, h).